Balanced data gathering strategy based on ant colony algorithm in WSNs

In order to gather the monitoring data with load and energy consumption balance in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and prolong its lifetime, a data gathering strategy was proposed based on ant colony algorithm. After the sensor nodes were divided into many sub-sets, the global updating of pheromone was achieved in the course of transmission of packet, which was mapped to global ant, and local updating was made to obtain new information of neighbours; then the heuristic function was constructed with energy, distance and hops. According to pheromone track and heuristic information, the packet independently chose the next hop node without the establishment and maintenance of the routing tables. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively balance network load and energy consumption, and induce 9.4% additional energy consumption, what has little influence on the network energy efficiency.

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