How are they doing? The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Develop a Strategic Performance Appraisal on Individual Level

Abstract Purpose We outline the standards for “good” performance measures and propose the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a method for performance measurement on individual level. Methodology/approach Using the example of a German cooperative bank with a cohort of 40 employees, we apply a multi-stage DEA approach to measure employee performance and report on the results. Based on those results a DEA-based approach for a strategic performance appraisal process is introduced. Findings We illustrate that DEA provides clear feedback information on an individual level, which enables management to accurately identify fields of specific improvement. Research implications The proposed approach for a strategic performance appraisal process is yet of theoretical nature. Consequently, the practical implementation of this approach is a purpose of further research.

[1]  Joseph C. Paradi,et al.  Two-stage evaluation of bank branch efficiency using data envelopment analysis , 2011 .

[2]  J. Pastor,et al.  Target setting: An application to a bank branch network , 1997 .

[3]  Peter L. Nuthall,et al.  Measuring the Economic Inefficiency of Nepalese Rice Farms Using Data Envelopment Analysis , 2004 .

[4]  Emmanuel Thanassoulis,et al.  Estimating preferred target input−output levels using data envelopment analysis , 1992 .

[5]  E. Grifell-Tatjé,et al.  Centre De Referència En Economia Analítica Barcelona Economics Working Paper Series Working Paper Nº 231 Internal Performance Evaluation: the Case of Bank Branches Internal Performance Evaluation: the Case of Bank Branches , 2022 .

[6]  Richard S. Barr,et al.  A process for evaluating retail store efficiency: a restricted DEA approach , 1998 .

[7]  J. Gentry,et al.  Salesperson Evaluation: A Systematic Structure for Reducing Judgmental Biases , 2013 .

[8]  Lawrence M. Seiford,et al.  Data envelopment analysis (DEA) - Thirty years on , 2009, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[9]  Naveen Donthu,et al.  Accounting for the Impact of Territory Characteristics on Sales Performance: Relative Efficiency as a Measure of Salesperson Performance , 2013 .

[10]  T. L. Tang,et al.  Distributive and Procedural Justice as Related to Satisfaction and Commitment. , 1996 .

[11]  William W. Cooper,et al.  Evaluation of Educational Program Proposals by Means of DEA , 1983 .

[12]  Karen Becker,et al.  Implementing an employee performance management system in a nonprofit organization , 2011 .

[13]  Douglas H. Flint The role of organizational justice in multi-source performance appraisal: theory-based applications and directions for research , 1999 .

[14]  G. Westermann,et al.  Messung der Dienstleistungseffizienz und der Einfluss des externen Produktionsfaktors Kunde in den Filialen einer Genossenschaftsbank , 2011 .

[15]  Abel Moreno,et al.  Assessing academic department efficiency at a public university , 2002 .

[16]  Theresa J. B. Kline,et al.  Measurement and assessment issues in performance appraisal. , 2009 .

[17]  Joseph C. Paradi,et al.  Commercial branch performance evaluation and results communication in a Canadian bank--a DEA application , 2004, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[18]  Stephen H. Wagner,et al.  Differences in Accuracy of Absolute and Comparative Performance Appraisal Methods , 1997 .

[19]  A. Charnes,et al.  Data Envelopment Analysis Theory, Methodology and Applications , 1995 .

[20]  Abraham Charnes,et al.  Measuring the efficiency of decision making units , 1978 .

[21]  M. Schefczyk Operational performance of airlines: An extension of traditional measurement paradigms , 1993 .

[22]  Emmanuel Thanassoulis,et al.  Assessing police forces in England and Wales using data envelopment analysis , 1995 .

[23]  Rajiv D. Banker,et al.  Efficiency Analysis for Exogenously Fixed Inputs and Outputs , 1986, Oper. Res..

[24]  Charles E. Pettijohn,et al.  Characteristics of performance appraisals and their impact on sales force satisfaction , 2001 .

[25]  Jerald Greenberg,et al.  Determinants of Perceived Fairness of Performance Evaluations , 1986 .

[26]  Herbert H. Meyer,et al.  A solution to the performance appraisal feedback enigma , 1991 .

[27]  Jim Browne,et al.  A review of performance measurement: Towards performance management , 2005, Comput. Ind..

[28]  D. Teece,et al.  DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT , 1997 .

[29]  C. Grönroos,et al.  Service productivity: Towards a conceptualization of the transformation of inputs into economic results in services , 2004 .

[30]  Naveen Donthu,et al.  Retail productivity assessment using data envelopment analysis , 1998 .

[31]  John S. Liu,et al.  A survey of DEA applications , 2013 .

[32]  R. Banker,et al.  A Comparative Application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Translog Methods: An Illustrative Study of Hospital Production , 1986 .

[33]  S. G. Deshmukh,et al.  Employee Performance Appraisal Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Case Study , 2009 .

[34]  Sebastián Lozano,et al.  CENTRALISED TARGET SETTING FOR REGIONAL RECYCLING OPERATIONS USING DEA , 2004 .

[35]  S. Sudin FAIRNESS OF AND SATISFACTION WITH PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROCESS , 2011 .

[36]  Gerhard Johnson,et al.  Combining DEA and “Transformation-Stages”: Management Strategies for the Disability Service Units of the St. Georg Association , 1999 .

[37]  H. Leibenstein,et al.  Empirical Estimation and Partitioning of X-Inefficiency: A Data-Envelopment Approach , 1992 .

[38]  Joseph Coughlan,et al.  Including the customer in efficiency analysis , 2013 .

[39]  J. Kondrasuk The Ideal Performance Appraisal Is a Format, Not a Form , 2012 .

[40]  Jian-Bo Yang,et al.  Integrating DEA-oriented performance assessment and target setting using interactive MOLP methods , 2009, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[41]  H. Gravelle,et al.  Measuring performance in primary care: econometric analysis and DEA , 2001 .

[42]  Naveen Donthu,et al.  Salesperson Evaluation Using Relative Performance Efficiency: The Application of Data Envelopment Analysis , 2013 .

[43]  A. Neely The evolution of performance measurement research: Developments in the last decade and a research agenda for the next , 2005 .

[44]  Joseph C. Paradi,et al.  Knowledge worker performance analysis using DEA: an application to engineering design teams at Bell Canada , 2002, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[45]  Joseph C. Paradi,et al.  A survey on bank branch efficiency and performance research with data envelopment analysis , 2013 .

[46]  J. S. Adams,et al.  Inequity In Social Exchange , 1965 .

[47]  W. Cook,et al.  Sales performance measurement in bank branches , 2001 .

[48]  Andy Neely,et al.  Designing performance measures: a structured approach , 1997 .

[49]  Marco Alberti,et al.  A framework to assess performance measurement systems in SMEs , 2010 .

[50]  C. Fletcher Performance appraisal and management: The developing research agenda , 2001 .