Subsea well design guidelines, both to reduce and to ease the maintainability = Diretrizes para projeto de poço submarino para reduzir e facilitar a sua manutenibilidade

Durante a vida util de um poco de petroleo as perdas de producao relativas ao seu potencial causam a interrupcao da producao devido as operacoes de restauracao. As empresas buscam estrategias para prevenir estas restauracoes, sendo o heavy workover um dos maiores desafios. A restauracao de um poco produtor geralmente e uma operacao demorada e representa uma das maiores despesas operacionais durante a producao de um campo petrolifero. O conhecimento das causas de perda de producao durante a etapa do projeto ajuda no desenvolvimento de estrategias para prever situacoes problematicas durante a producao. Portanto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa e estabelecer diretrizes e procedimentos para um projeto de poco, de forma a prevenir as restauracoes e/ou evitar heavy workovers ate o final da vida produtiva do poco. Inicialmente realizou-se uma busca na literatura dos ultimos trinta e cinco anos, para identificar as principais causas de perda de producao, fatores para sua ocorrencia, solucoes e estudos de caso. Foram identificadas vinte e uma causas de perda de producao, e foram divididas em tres tipos: 1) garantia de escoamento, 2) falha potencial na integridade e 3) problemas de reservatorio. Por exemplo, para as causas de perda de producao devido a garantia de escoamento a deposicao de solidos no sistema poco/linha foi a principal causa de perda, sendo os fatores fundamentais para esta deposicao a composicao do fluido de formacao (hidrocarboneto e agua) e variacoes de pressao e temperatura. Com este estudo conseguiu-se identificar mediante a superposicao de graficos (curva de hidratos, temperatura de aparecimento de parafinas, pressao de inicio de asfaltenos e indice de saturacao) uma regiao livre de solidos, denominada "envoltoria de garantia de escoamento". Neste grafico, sao tracadas as condicoes de fluxo de petroleo. Se estas condicoes se encontram dentro da envoltoria o resultado pode ser uma possivel nao restauracao, caso contrario, o projeto devera contemplar tratamentos de prevencao para garantir uma minima restauracao e/ou tratamentos de remediacao para obter uma facil restauracao (light workover). Mediante a pesquisa realizada, foi possivel estabelecer diretrizes e procedimentos para o projeto de poco que sao de grande valia para a melhora da producao durante sua vida util. Para cada uma das causas de perda de producao (vinte e uma) identificou-se possiveis solucoes que permitirao a prevencao das restauracoes, evitando dispendiosas operacoes de heavy workover. Abstract

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