Simplified profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap design using power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU): A prospective study

Optimal design of PAP flaps requires precise perforator mapping. In a systematic review, Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). We present a prospective study of PAP flap design comparing PDU, handheld Doppler (HHD), and clinical findings.

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