TTP: secure ACID transfer protocol for electronic ticket between personal tamper-proof devices

The expanding market for digital content increases the demand to transfer electronic value through open networks. This paper describes the Ticket Transfer Protocol (TTP), which enables electronically transferable tickets to directly move between two personal tamper-proof devices. The applied two-phase commit protocol for the transfer realizes the ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) transaction properties without any external coordinators. Moreover, this paper addresses the initial implementation of a secure TTP, enabling the detection of message replays by attackers, and evaluates the size of its logging field in the transaction. We conclude that TTP has enough reliability to transfer electronic tickets directly between personal ticket wallets.