Time-domain terahertz compressive imaging.

We present an implementation of the single-pixel imaging approach into a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system. We demonstrate the indirect coherent reconstruction of THz temporal waveforms at each spatial position of an object, without the need of mechanical raster-scanning. First, we exploit such temporal information to realize (far-field) time-of-flight images. In addition, as a proof of concept, we apply a typical compressive sensing algorithm to demonstrate image reconstruction with less than 50% of the total required measurements. Finally, the access to frequency domain is also demonstrated by reconstructing spectral images of an object featuring an absorption line in the THz range. The combination of single-pixel imaging with compressive sensing algorithms allows to reduce both complexity and acquisition time of current THz-TDS imaging systems.

[1]  D. Mittleman,et al.  Chemical recognition of gases and gas mixtures with terahertz waves. , 1996, Optics letters.

[2]  Daniel M Mittleman,et al.  Twenty years of terahertz imaging [Invited]. , 2018, Optics express.

[3]  A. Lee,et al.  Real-time terahertz imaging over a standoff distance (>25meters) , 2006 .

[4]  David R. Smith,et al.  Terahertz compressive imaging with metamaterial spatial light modulators , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[5]  E. Hendry,et al.  Compressed sensing with near-field THz radiation , 2017 .

[6]  Alessia Pasquazi,et al.  Time-Resolved Nonlinear Ghost Imaging , 2018, ACS Photonics.

[7]  J. S. T. Gongora,et al.  Hyperspectral terahertz microscopy via nonlinear ghost imaging , 2019, Optica.

[8]  J. Zeitler,et al.  Terahertz Time-Domain and Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy of Organic Materials , 2015, Applied spectroscopy.

[9]  Wai Lam Chan,et al.  A single-pixel terahertz imaging system based on compressed sensing , 2008 .

[10]  R. Morandotti,et al.  Terahertz Thermometry: Combining Hyperspectral Imaging and Temperature Mapping at Terahertz Frequencies , 2017 .

[11]  M. Koch,et al.  Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging – Modern techniques and applications , 2011 .

[12]  D. Mittleman,et al.  T-ray imaging , 1996 .

[13]  E.J. Candes,et al.  An Introduction To Compressive Sampling , 2008, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[14]  Qionghai Dai,et al.  Experimental comparison of single-pixel imaging algorithms , 2017, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[15]  Kathirvel Nallappan,et al.  Exploiting k-space/frequency duality toward real-time terahertz imaging , 2018 .

[16]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  Principles and prospects for single-pixel imaging , 2018, Nature Photonics.

[17]  S. Bonetti,et al.  Matter manipulation with extreme terahertz light: Progress in the enabling THz technology , 2019 .

[18]  Miles J. Padgett,et al.  A Russian Dolls ordering of the Hadamard basis for compressive single-pixel imaging , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[19]  Thomas Tongue,et al.  Review of Terahertz Technology Readiness Assessment and Applications , 2013 .

[20]  Wai Lam Chan,et al.  Terahertz imaging with compressed sensing and phase retrieval , 2007, 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO).

[21]  Xiaolong Wu,et al.  Terahertz Superresolution Stratigraphic Characterization of Multilayered Structures Using Sparse Deconvolution , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology.

[22]  M. Koch,et al.  Detection of foreign bodies in chocolate with pulsed terahertz spectroscopy , 2008 .

[23]  Alexandre Locquet,et al.  Global mapping of stratigraphy of an old-master painting using sparsity-based terahertz reflectometry , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[24]  Nuria Llombart,et al.  THz Imaging Radar for Standoff Personnel Screening , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology.

[25]  Hanspeter Helm,et al.  Chemical Recognition With Broadband THz Spectroscopy , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[26]  David Shrekenhamer,et al.  Terahertz single pixel imaging with an optically controlled dynamic spatial light modulator. , 2013, Optics express.

[27]  Ke Yang,et al.  Biomedical Applications of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging. , 2016, Trends in biotechnology.

[28]  E. Hack,et al.  Terahertz holography for imaging amplitude and phase objects. , 2014, Optics express.

[29]  M. Koch,et al.  Optically controlled terahertz beam steering and imaging. , 2012, Optics letters.

[30]  P. Taday,et al.  Detection and identification of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging , 2005 .

[31]  D. Zimdars,et al.  Terahertz imaging: Revealing hidden defects , 2009 .

[32]  Patrick Mounaix,et al.  Non-invasive investigation of art paintings by terahertz imaging , 2010 .

[33]  Kathirvel Nallappan,et al.  Toward real-time terahertz imaging , 2018, Advances in Optics and Photonics.

[34]  E. Hendry,et al.  Noninvasive, near-field terahertz imaging of hidden objects using a single-pixel detector , 2015, Science Advances.