Nanocomposites in food packaging applications and their risk assessment for health

Nanotechnology has shown many advantages in different fields. As the uses of nanotechnology have progressed, it has been found to be a promising technology for the food packaging industry in the global market. It has proven capabilities that are valuable in packaging foods, including improved barriers; mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties; and applications in active and intelligent food packaging. Examples of the latter are anti-microbial agents and nanosensors, respectively. However, the use of nanocomposites in food packaging might be challenging due to the reduced particle size of nanomaterials and the fact that the chemical and physical characteristics of such tiny materials may be quite different from those of their macro-scale counterparts. In order to discuss the potential risks of nanoparticles for consumers, in addition to the quantification of data, a thorough investigation of their characteristics is required. Migration studies must be conducted to determine the amounts of nanomaterials released into the food matrices. In this article, different applications of nanocomposites in food packaging, migration issues, analyzing techniques, and the main concerns about their usage are discussed briefly.

[1]  Biqiong Chen,et al.  Thermoplastic starch-clay nanocomposites and their characteristics , 2005 .

[2]  K. Yam,et al.  Emerging Food Packaging Technologies: Principles and Practice , 2012 .

[3]  M. Yacamán,et al.  The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles , 2005, Nanotechnology.

[4]  L. Mattoso,et al.  Nanocomposite edible films from mango puree reinforced with cellulose nanofibers. , 2009, Journal of food science.

[5]  M. J. Galotto,et al.  Development of Cellulose Eco‐nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties Oriented for Food Packaging , 2013 .

[6]  Peter J. Halley,et al.  Emerging biodegradable materials: starch- and protein-based bio-nanocomposites , 2008 .

[7]  J. Rhim,et al.  Mechanical and Water Barrier Properties of Soy Protein and Clay Mineral Composite Films , 2005 .

[8]  C. Nerín,et al.  Nanoparticle release from nano-silver antimicrobial food containers. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[9]  Joseph P. Kerry,et al.  Nanotechnologies in the food industry – Recent developments, risks and regulation , 2012 .

[10]  Chan-Young Park,et al.  Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch/Clay Hybrids , 2002 .

[11]  A. Arora,et al.  Review: nanocomposites in food packaging. , 2010, Journal of food science.

[12]  Suprakas Sinha Ray,et al.  POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES: A REVIEW FROM PREPARATION TO PROCESSING , 2003 .

[13]  Jose M. Lagaron,et al.  Oxygen scavenging polyolefin nanocomposite films containing an iron modified kaolinite of interest in active food packaging applications , 2012 .

[14]  T. Aminabhavi,et al.  A Review on Biodegradable Plastics , 1990 .

[15]  Sudip Ray,et al.  The Potential Use of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites in Food Packaging , 2006 .

[16]  L. Brinson,et al.  Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[17]  J. Rhim,et al.  Increase in water resistance of paperboard by coating with poly(lactide) , 2007 .

[18]  S. Y. Wang,et al.  Preparation and characterization of whey protein film incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles. , 2009, Journal of Food Science.

[19]  F. L. Matthews,et al.  Composite Materials : Engineering and Science , 1993 .

[20]  Michael V. Liga,et al.  Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications. , 2008, Water research.

[21]  Lina Ghibelli,et al.  Copper Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites with Antifungal and Bacteriostatic Properties , 2005 .

[22]  D. C. Read,et al.  Interaction of silver nitrate with readily identifiable groups: relationship to the antibacterialaction of silver ions , 1997, Letters in applied microbiology.

[23]  S. Gunasekaran,et al.  LOW TEMPERATURE FABRICATION OF ZNO-WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE NANOCOMPOSITE , 2008 .

[24]  Tsu-Wei Chou,et al.  Nanocomposites in context , 2005 .

[25]  Ian C. Munro,et al.  Technological challenges of addressing new and more complex migrating products from novel food packaging materials , 2009, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[26]  R. Smith.  Biodegradable polymers for industrial applications , 2005 .

[27]  Xu Li,et al.  Safety assessment of nanocomposite for food packaging application , 2015 .

[28]  R. Gavara,et al.  Simple method for the selection of the appropriate food simulant for the evaluation of a specific food/packaging interaction , 2002, Food additives and contaminants.

[29]  N. Crosby.  Food packaging materials. Aspects of analysis and migration of contaminants. , 1981 .

[30]  Henriette M.C. Azeredo,et al.  Antimicrobial nanostructures in food packaging , 2013 .

[31]  Bing Xu,et al.  Presenting Vancomycin on Nanoparticles to Enhance Antimicrobial Activities , 2003 .

[32]  Qasim Chaudhry,et al.  Applications of nanomaterials in food packaging with a consideration of opportunities for developing countries , 2011 .

[33]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Methods for separation, identification, characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles , 2012 .

[34]  M. Bousmina,et al.  Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites: In greening the 21st century materials world , 2005 .

[35]  V. Vittoria,et al.  Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications , 2007 .

[36]  M. J. Galotto,et al.  Experimental and theoretical study of thermodynamics and transport properties of multilayer polymeric food packaging , 2012, European Food Research and Technology.

[37]  A. Boxall,et al.  Detection and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[38]  Jong-Whan Rhim,et al.  Natural Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Films for Packaging Applications , 2007, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[39]  G. Burdock.  Safety assessment of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a food ingredient. , 2007, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[40]  Rungsinee Sothornvit,et al.  Plasticizers in edible films and coatings , 2005 .

[41]  M. Roco.  Nanotechnology: convergence with modern biology and medicine. , 2003, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[42]  Hans Bouwmeester,et al.  Review of health safety aspects of nanotechnologies in food production. , 2009, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[43]  C. Koch,et al.  Migration of nanosized layered double hydroxide platelets from polylactide nanocomposite films , 2011, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[44]  Chaobin He,et al.  Thermomechanical properties of polyimide-epoxy nanocomposites from cubic silsesquioxane epoxides , 2004 .

[45]  Ali Abas Wani,et al.  Food packaging materials , 2017 .

[46]  A. Vázquez,et al.  Physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposite films , 2008 .

[47]  I. Sondi,et al.  Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[48]  Lina Zhang,et al.  Interaction and properties of highly exfoliated soy protein/montmorillonite nanocomposites. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[49]  L. Mattoso,et al.  Properties of novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films containing chitosan nanoparticles. , 2008, Journal of food science.

[50]  Yulin Deng,et al.  Clay–starch composites and their application in papermaking , 2006 .

[51]  Vivek Subramanian,et al.  Organic TFTs as gas sensors for electronic nose applications , 2005 .

[52]  H. M. Azeredo.  Nanocomposites for food packaging applications , 2009 .

[53]  Jin Huang,et al.  Facile exfoliation of rectorite nanoplatelets in soy protein matrix and reinforced bionanocomposites thereof , 2007 .

[54]  P. Halley,et al.  Preparation and characterisation of biodegradable starch-based nanocomposite materials , 2003 .

[55]  H. Song,et al.  Migration of silver from nanosilver–polyethylene composite packaging into food simulants , 2011, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[56]  A. von Graevenitz.  Advances in Applied Microbiology , 1975, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[57]  Brian C. Sandoval.  Perspectives on FDA's Regulation of Nanotechnology: Emerging Challenges and Potential Solutions , 2009 .

[58]  T. V. Duncan,et al.  Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors , 2011, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science.

[59]  Jianwei Xu,et al.  Organic–inorganic nanocomposites from cubic silsesquioxane epoxides: direct characterization of interphase, and thermomechanical properties , 2005 .

[60]  M. Errico,et al.  Biodegradable starch/clay nanocomposite films for food packaging applications , 2005 .

[61]  P. Dubois,et al.  Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials , 2000 .