Review of static voltage stability screening methods for application in AC power grids with large-scale wind penetration and VSC HVDC interconnectors

The past decade has seen VSC-HVDC systems deployed to establish transmission schemes both onshore and offshore, often for interconnectors utilizing underground or subsea cables but also a few systems designed to operate on long overhead transmission lines (OHTLs) [1]. In specific literature, it is referred to the capability of VSC schemes being able to feed power into passive AC grids, hence with a short-circuit capacity equal to zero. However, for proper AC grid operation, there are constraints and power transmission limitations, which come inherently from the physical nature of the AC systems on the receiving and sending ends of the power interconnector, related to their capability to keep stable operating voltage. This paper intends to examine this aspect in order to shed some light on the issue of power transmission limitations for VSC HVDC interconnectors as a function of AC grid characteristics.