Circumstellar H I and CO around the carbon stars V1942 Sagittarii and V Coronae Borealis

Context. The majority of stars that leave the main sequence are undergoing extensive mass loss, in particular during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of evolution. Observations show that the rate at which this phenomenon develops differs widely from source to source, so that the time-integrated mass loss as a function of the initial conditions (mass, metallicity, etc.) and of the stage of evolution is presently not well understood. Aims. We investigate the mass loss history of AGB stars by observing the molecular and atomic emission of their circumstellar envelopes. Methods. We selected two stars that are on the thermally pulsing phase of the AGB (TP-AGB) for which high quality data in both the CO rotation lines and the atomic hydrogen line at 21 cm could be obtained. Results. A carbon star of the irregular variability type, V1942 Sgr, has a complex CO line profile that may originate in a long-lived

[1]  T. Lebzelter,et al.  How semiregular are irregular variables , 2009, 0902.4096.

[2]  J. Winters,et al.  H I and CO in the circumstellar environment of the oxygen-rich AGB star RX Leporis , 2008, 0809.3265.

[3]  M. Reid,et al.  Discovery of an H I Counterpart to the Extended Tail of Mira , 2008, 0805.1730.

[4]  F. V. Leeuwen,et al.  Hipparcos, the New Reduction of the Raw Data , 2007 .

[5]  R. Neri,et al.  Mass loss from dusty, low outflow-velocity AGB stars , II. The multiple wind of EP Aquarii , 2007 .

[6]  M. Morris,et al.  Preplanetary Nebulae: A Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Survey and a New Morphological Classification System , 2007, 0707.4662.

[7]  T. Bertre,et al.  The formation of a detached shell around the carbon star Y CVn , 2007, 0706.4211.

[8]  M. Reid,et al.  Very Large Array Observations of H I in the Circumstellar Envelopes of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars , 2007, astro-ph/0701267.

[9]  T. Bertre,et al.  Circumstellar Atomic Hydrogen in Evolved Stars , 2006 .

[10]  GerardLe Bertre HI in circumstellar environments , 2006, astro-ph/0609022.

[11]  M. Feast,et al.  Near‐infrared photometry of carbon stars★ , 2006, astro-ph/0603504.

[12]  G. Lagache,et al.  IRIS: A New Generation of IRAS Maps , 2004, astro-ph/0412216.

[13]  T. Bertre,et al.  The circumstellar environments of EP Aqr and Y CVn probed by the H I emission at 21 cm , 2004 .

[14]  N. Epchtein,et al.  Mass-loss from dusty, low outflow-velocity AGB stars - I. Wind structure and mass-loss rates , 2003 .

[15]  G. Wasserburg,et al.  Cool Bottom Processes on the Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch and the Isotopic Composition of Circumstellar Dust Grains , 2002, astro-ph/0211271.

[16]  M. Busso,et al.  The 85Kr s-Process Branching and the Mass of Carbon Stars , 2001, astro-ph/0105486.

[17]  J. Bergeat,et al.  The effective temperatures of carbon-rich stars , 2001 .

[18]  H. Olofsson,et al.  Models of circumstellar molecular radio line emission - Mass loss rates for a sample of bright carbon stars , 2001, astro-ph/0101477.

[19]  J. Cassinelli,et al.  Introduction to Stellar Winds by Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers , 1999 .

[20]  J. Cassinelli,et al.  Introduction to Stellar Winds , 1999 .

[21]  R. Neri,et al.  A 12CO ($J=1\rightarrow 0$) and ($J=2\rightarrow 1$) atlas of circumstellar envelopes of AGB and post-AGB stars , 1998 .

[22]  R. Neri,et al.  A 12 CO (J =1 ! 0) and (J =2 ! 1) atlas of circumstellar envelopes of AGB and post-AGB stars , 1998 .

[23]  G. Knapp,et al.  Multiple Molecular Winds in Evolved Stars. I. A Survey of CO(2-1) and CO(3-2) Emission from 45 Nearby Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars , 1997, astro-ph/9711125.

[24]  J. Isern,et al.  12C/13C ratios and Li abundances in C stars: evidence for deep mixing? , 1997 .

[25]  K. Eriksson,et al.  A study of circumstellar envelopes around bright carbon stars. II: Molecular abundances , 1993 .

[26]  K. Eriksson,et al.  A study of circumstellar envelopes around bright carbon stars. I: Structure, kinematics, and mass-loss rate , 1993 .

[27]  G. Knapp,et al.  Circumstellar shells resolved in IRAS survey data. II - Analysis , 1993 .

[28]  G. Knapp,et al.  Circumstellar shells resolved in the IRAS survey data. I - Data processing procedure, results, and confidence tests , 1993 .

[29]  H. R. Johnson,et al.  The detection of H2 in cool carbon stars , 1983 .

[30]  P. J. Huggins,et al.  Atomic and molecular hydrogen in the circumstellar envelopes of late-type stars , 1983 .

[31]  Molecular self-shielding in the outflows from late-type stars , 1983 .

[32]  J. Goebel,et al.  Identification of new infrared bands in a carbon-rich Mira variable , 1981 .