Multi-hop broadcast message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks: A security perspective review

Vehicular ad hoc networks have been identified as a key technology for enabling safety and infotainment applications in the context of smart and connected vehicles. In this sense, diverse approaches of multi-hop broadcast protocols have been proposed to collect and disseminate context information through the network. However, before vehicular ad hoc networks applications fulfill their expected potential to connect smart vehicles, several issues must be addressed. Among these issues, those related to security are of particular importance. In this article, the main security issues of broadcast message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks are discussed. Moreover, a review of the most relevant threats and proposed solutions to secure broadcast message dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks is presented and discussed. As mentioned, security is an important topic which has not been fully addressed in vehicular ad hoc networks; therefore, the aim of this article is to introduce security issues and proposed solutions related to three main security concerns associated with the message dissemination process in vehicular ad hoc networks: network access, data consistency, and broadcast protocols.

[1]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Data-centric Misbehavior Detection in VANETs , 2011, ArXiv.

[2]  James Gross,et al.  Experimental Characterization and Modeling of RF Jamming Attacks on VANETs , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  Juan-Carlos Cano,et al.  A Survey and Comparative Study of Broadcast Warning Message Dissemination Schemes for VANETs , 2016, Mob. Inf. Syst..

[4]  Frank Kargl,et al.  Graph-Based Metrics for Insider Attack Detection in VANET Multihop Data Dissemination Protocols , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[5]  Dhavy Gantsou,et al.  Invited Paper: VANET Security: Going Beyond Cryptographic-Centric Solutions , 2015 .

[6]  Pengfei Zhang,et al.  Cooperative location verification for vehicular ad-hoc networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[7]  Muttukrishnan Rajarajan,et al.  Data-centric Rogue Node Detection in VANETs , 2014, 2014 IEEE 13th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications.

[8]  Moumena Chaqfeh,et al.  A novel approach for scalable multi-hop data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[9]  Mohammed Saeed Al-kahtani,et al.  Survey on security attacks in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) , 2012, 2012 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems.

[10]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, Wirel. Networks.

[11]  Kemal Akkaya,et al.  A survey of authentication schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2011, Secur. Commun. Networks.

[12]  Richard Demo Souza,et al.  Information-Theoretic Location Verification System With Directional Antennas for Vehicular Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[13]  Marco Roccetti,et al.  Going realistic and optimal: A distributed multi-hop broadcast algorithm for vehicular safety , 2011, Comput. Networks.

[14]  Xiaomei Zhang,et al.  Efficient, fast and scalable authentication for VANETs , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[15]  Wolfgang H. Schulz,et al.  Future role of cost–benefit analysis in intelligent transport system-research , 2015 .

[16]  Hsiao-Hwa Chen,et al.  Physical Layer Security for Next Generation Wireless Networks: Theories, Technologies, and Challenges , 2017, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[17]  M. A. Razzaque,et al.  Security and Privacy in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Survey and the Road Ahead , 2013, Wireless Networks and Security.

[18]  Panagiotis Papadimitratos,et al.  On Data-Centric Trust Establishment in Ephemeral Ad Hoc Networks , 2008, IEEE INFOCOM 2008 - The 27th Conference on Computer Communications.

[19]  You Ze Cho,et al.  Traffic Density-Based Broadcast Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[20]  Elmar Schoch,et al.  On the security of context-adaptive information dissemination , 2008, Secur. Commun. Networks.

[21]  John B. Kenney,et al.  Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Standards in the United States , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[22]  Paolo Santi,et al.  IEEE 802.11p VANets: Experimental evaluation of packet inter-reception time , 2016, Comput. Commun..

[23]  Jae-il Jung,et al.  Enhanced selective forwarding scheme for alert message propagation in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2011 .

[24]  Azzedine Boukerche,et al.  Data communication in VANETs: Protocols, applications and challenges , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[25]  K. Rojviboonchai,et al.  DECA: Density-aware reliable broadcasting in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2010, ECTI-CON2010: The 2010 ECTI International Confernce on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology.

[26]  Elyes Ben Hamida,et al.  Security of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems: Standards, Threats Analysis and Cryptographic Countermeasures , 2015 .

[27]  Hannes Hartenstein,et al.  A comparison of single- and multi-hop beaconing in VANETs , 2009, VANET '09.

[28]  A. Lee Swindlehurst,et al.  Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey , 2010, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[29]  Jalel Ben-Othman,et al.  DJAVAN: Detecting jamming attacks in Vehicle Ad hoc Networks , 2015, Perform. Evaluation.

[30]  Juan-Carlos Cano,et al.  GRCBox: Extending Smartphone Connectivity in Vehicular Networks , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[31]  Frank Kargl,et al.  A resilient in-network aggregation mechanism for VANETs based on dissemination redundancy , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[32]  Sevil Sen,et al.  A survey of attacks and detection mechanisms on intelligent transportation systems: VANETs and IoV , 2017, Ad Hoc Networks.

[33]  Xin-Wei Yao,et al.  SOBP: a sender-designated opportunistic broadcast protocol for VANET , 2013, Telecommun. Syst..

[34]  Soumya K. Ghosh,et al.  KITE: an efficient scheme for trust estimation and detection of errant nodes in vehicular cyber-physical systems , 2016, Secur. Commun. Networks.

[35]  T. Aaron Gulliver,et al.  Store-Carry-Forward Message Dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks with Local Density Estimation , 2009, 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall.

[36]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Privacy preserving broadcast message authentication protocol for VANETs , 2013, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[37]  Jalel Ben-Othman,et al.  Survey on VANET security challenges and possible cryptographic solutions , 2014, Veh. Commun..

[38]  Yang Lu,et al.  Lightweight and scalable secure communication in VANET , 2015 .

[39]  Frank Kargl,et al.  Enhanced Position Verification for VANETs Using Subjective Logic , 2016, 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall).

[40]  Ahmed Yassin Al-Dubai,et al.  A new dynamic counter-based broadcasting scheme for Mobile Ad hoc Networks , 2011, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[41]  Marco Fiore,et al.  Securing Warning Message Dissemination in VANETs Using Cooperative Neighbor Position Verification , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[42]  Celimuge Wu,et al.  A low latency path diversity mechanism for sender-oriented broadcast protocols in VANETs , 2013, Ad Hoc Networks.

[43]  Hui Li,et al.  An Adaptive Beaconing Scheme Based on Traffic Environment Parameters Prediction in VANETs , 2016, WASA.

[44]  Samira Moussaoui,et al.  An efficient alert dissemination protocol in a vehicular ad hoc network , 2012, Seventh International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM 2012).

[45]  Sven Lachmund,et al.  Proving Reliability of Anonymous Information in VANETs , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[46]  Pino Caballero-Gil,et al.  How to build vehicular ad-hoc networks on smartphones , 2013, J. Syst. Archit..

[47]  Matthias Gerlach,et al.  Securing Multihop Vehicular Message Broadcast using Trust Sensors , 2008, Med-Hoc-Net.

[48]  Xia Feng,et al.  A method for defensing against multi-source Sybil attacks in VANET , 2017, Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl..

[49]  Hussein Zedan,et al.  A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad Hoc network , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[50]  Jie Li,et al.  Privacy-preserving authentication schemes for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey , 2016, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[51]  Nirvana Meratnia,et al.  A directional data dissemination protocol for vehicular environments , 2011, Comput. Commun..

[52]  Mauro Conti,et al.  Fast and Secure Multihop Broadcast Solutions for Intervehicular Communication , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[53]  Amir Qayyum,et al.  A Survey on Security in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2013, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains.

[54]  Bo Yu,et al.  Detecting Sybil attacks in VANETs , 2013, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[55]  Mohammad S. Obaidat,et al.  Vehicular Security Through Reputation and Plausibility Checks , 2014, IEEE Systems Journal.

[56]  You Ze Cho,et al.  Beacon-less broadcast protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks , 2013, 2013 19th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC).

[57]  Aminu Mohammed,et al.  Dynamic probabilistic counter-based broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks , 2009, 2009 2nd International Conference on Adaptive Science & Technology (ICAST).

[58]  Juan-Carlos Cano,et al.  Evaluation of flooding schemes for real-time video transmission in VANETs , 2015, Ad Hoc Networks.

[59]  Hong Song,et al.  A Novel Key Management Scheme in VANETs , 2014, ICA3PP.

[60]  Tasneem S. J. Darwish,et al.  Traffic density estimation in vehicular ad hoc networks: A review , 2015, Ad Hoc Networks.

[61]  Anil K. Verma,et al.  Position Based Routing Protocols in VANET: A Survey , 2015, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[62]  Hong Liu,et al.  A new anti-jamming strategy for VANET metrics-directed security defense , 2013, 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[63]  Celimuge Wu,et al.  VANET Broadcast Protocol Based on Fuzzy Logic and Lightweight Retransmission Mechanism , 2012, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[64]  Prakash Veeraraghavan,et al.  An adaptive node density estimation in vanets using received signal power , 2015, 2015 21st Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC).

[65]  T. Nandagopal,et al.  The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 1999, MobiCom 1999.

[66]  Sooksan Panichpapiboon,et al.  A Review of Information Dissemination Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[67]  Adrian Perrig,et al.  Flooding-resilient broadcast authentication for VANETs , 2011, MobiCom.

[68]  Marco Fiore,et al.  Temporal connectivity of vehicular networks: The power of store-carry-and-forward , 2015, 2015 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC).

[69]  Shihao Yan,et al.  Location Verification Systems for VANETs in Rician Fading Channels , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[70]  Kishor S. Trivedi,et al.  Design and Analysis of a Robust Broadcast Scheme for VANET Safety-Related Services , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[71]  Sunilkumar S. Manvi,et al.  A survey on authentication schemes in VANETs for secured communication , 2017, Veh. Commun..

[72]  Xin-Wei Yao,et al.  An adaptive and opportunistic broadcast protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2012, Int. J. Autom. Comput..

[73]  Mawloud Omar,et al.  Secure and distributed certification system architecture for safety message authentication in VANET , 2017, Telecommun. Syst..

[74]  Weidong Yang.  Security in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) , 2013 .

[75]  Gabriel-Miro Muntean,et al.  A moving cluster architecture and an intelligent resource reuse protocol for vehicular networks , 2013, Wirel. Networks.

[76]  Gongjun Yan,et al.  Providing VANET security through active position detection , 2008, Comput. Commun..

[77]  Arputharaj Kannan,et al.  Dual Authentication and Key Management Techniques for Secure Data Transmission in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[78]  Panagiotis Papadimitratos,et al.  SECURING VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS , 2006, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[79]  Alexandre M. Bayen,et al.  Traffic state estimation on highway: A comprehensive survey , 2017, Annu. Rev. Control..

[80]  Pascal Lorenz,et al.  An adaptive approach for information dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks , 2011, Journal of Network and Computer Applications.

[81]  Yi-Ming Chen,et al.  Efficient Self-organized Trust Management in Location Privacy Enhanced VANETs , 2012, WISA.

[82]  Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar,et al.  A fuzzy logic approach to beaconing for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2013, Telecommun. Syst..

[83]  JeongGil Ko,et al.  A Feasibility Study and Development Framework Design for Realizing Smartphone-Based Vehicular Networking Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[84]  Marco Roccetti,et al.  How Do You Quickly Choreograph Inter-Vehicular Communications? A Fast Vehicle-to-Vehicle Multi-Hop Broadcast Algorithm, Explained , 2007, 2007 4th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference.

[85]  Shikha Agrawal,et al.  A Detailed Survey on Misbehavior Node Detection Techniques in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2015 .

[86]  Ozan K. Tonguz,et al.  Broadcast storm mitigation techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks , 2007, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[87]  Ali A. Pouyan,et al.  Defense mechanisms against Sybil attack in vehicular ad hoc network , 2015, Secur. Commun. Networks.

[88]  Thomas Nowey,et al.  Towards a security architecture for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2006, First International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES'06).

[89]  Eylem Ekici,et al.  Urban multi-hop broadcast protocol for inter-vehicle communication systems , 2004, VANET '04.

[90]  Josep Domingo-Ferrer,et al.  Distributed Aggregate Privacy-Preserving Authentication in VANETs , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[91]  Luciano Bononi,et al.  A Cross Layered MAC and Clustering Scheme for Efficient Broadcast in VANETs , 2007, 2007 IEEE Internatonal Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems.

[92]  Ashish Vulimiri.  Misbehavior Detection in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2009 .

[93]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Vehicular Network Based Reliable Traffic Density Estimation , 2016, 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[94]  Yu-Chee Tseng,et al.  Adaptive approaches to relieving broadcast storms in a wireless multihop mobile ad hoc network , 2001, Proceedings 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[95]  Alejandro Quintero,et al.  VANET security surveys , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[96]  Luca Veltri,et al.  Short-lived key management for secure communications in VANETs , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.