Perspectives Series: Molecular Medicine in Genetically Engineered Animals

Advances in biotechnology over the last ten years have made it possible for the researcher to alter gene expression in vivo in many diverse ways (1). With the establishment of embryonic stem (ES) 1 cell technology (2), more subtle and precise alterations can now be achieved than were previously possible using microinjection techniques. However, to date germline transmission has only been achieved with mouse ES cells, and microinjection continues to be the method most widely used for other species. While the mouse has a number of advantages, not least the depth of our knowledge of its genetics, other species are being increasingly used for transgenic studies due to their greater suitability for addressing specific questions. We will briefly review the application of transgenic technology to nonmurine species as it stands at present, with par

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