A new kind of highly sensitive competitive lateral flow immunoassay displaying direct analyte-signal dependence. Application to the determination of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol

AbstractA new kind of competitive immunochromatographic assay is presented. It is based on the use of a test strip loaded with (a) labeled specific antibodies, (b) a hapten-protein conjugate at the control zone, and (c) antibodies interacting with the specific antibodies in the analytical zone. In the case where a sample does not contain the target antigen (hapten), all labeled antibodies remain in the control zone because of the selected ratio of reactants. The analytical zone remains colorless because the labeled antibodies do not reach it. If an antigen is present in the sample, it interferes with the binding of the specific antibodies in the control zone and knocks them out. Some of these antibodies pass the control zone to form a colored line in the analytical zone. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the amount of the target antigen in the sample. The assay has an attractive feature in that an appearance in coloration is more easily detected visually than a decoloration. Moreover, the onset of coloration is detectable at a lower concentration than a decoloration. The new detection scheme was applied to the determination of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. The visual limit of detection is 2 ng·mL−1 in corn extracts (35 ng per gram of sample). With the same reagents, this is lower by a factor of 60 than the established test strip. The assay takes only 15 min. This new kind of assay has wide potential applications for numerous low molecular weight analytes. Graphical abstractCompetitive immunochromatography with direct analyte-signal dependence is proposed. It provides a 60-fold decrease of the detection limit for mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. The analyte-antibody-label complexes move along the immobilized antigen (control zone) and bind with anti-species antibodies (test zone).