Reliability of water distribution networks subjected to seismic hazard: Application of an improved entropy function

Abstract This study aims at improving an entropy-based measure considering both total and partial failure, for assessing the reliability and redundancy of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) during seismic events, which was not explicitly addressed in previous literature. In order to capture the effects of connectivity order of the network nodes as well as the seismic hazard of the site in reliability studies, new entropy calculation method is proposed using hazard information of seismic regions and fragility curve of pipelines. Subsequently, the effect of failure of each pipe due to a seismic event, which results in reducing the serviceability and reliability of a WDN, is investigated using the proposed entropy calculation. The results indicate that the proposed entropy function is capable of estimating the reliability trend of WDNs considering different failure patterns caused by different hazard levels. The proposed method enables the engineers and practitioners to find a proper optimum design approach for the water supply network and plays an important role in assessing the performance of WDNs and mitigating the chance of total failure of WDN in hazardous zones.

[1]  Okitsugu Fujiwara,et al.  Algorithm for Reliability‐Based Optimal Design of Water Networks , 1990 .

[2]  Ryoji Isoyama,et al.  Reliability evaluation of water supply systems during earthquakes , 1982 .

[3]  M. Hosseini,et al.  Entropy-based Serviceability Assessment of Water Distribution Networks, Subjected to Natural and Man-Made Hazards , 2013 .

[4]  Thomas H. Heaton,et al.  Relationships between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California , 1999 .

[5]  Guangtao Fu,et al.  Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems. , 2018, Water research.

[6]  D. Ouazar,et al.  Reliability tester for water-distribution networks , 1996 .

[7]  Constantine Caramanis,et al.  Theory and Applications of Robust Optimization , 2010, SIAM Rev..

[8]  M. Shinozuka,et al.  Serviceability of Water Transmission Systems Under Seismic Risk , 1981 .

[9]  Masaru Hoshiya,et al.  Redundancy Index of Lifeline Systems , 2002 .

[10]  S. Bhatt,et al.  Entropy-Based Redundancy Measures in Water-Distribution Networks , 1991 .

[11]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  THE PREDICTION AND USE OF PEAK GROUND VELOCITY , 2006 .

[12]  Tiku T. TANY1MBOH,et al.  A QUANTIFIED ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RELIABILITY AND ENTROPY OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS , 2000 .

[13]  Tiku T. Tanyimboh,et al.  Calculating Maximum Entropy Flows in Networks , 1993 .

[14]  Guangtao Fu,et al.  Global resilience analysis of water distribution systems. , 2016, Water research.

[15]  David A. Chin,et al.  Water-Resources Engineering , 1999 .

[16]  Katarzyna Piterucha-Urbanik,et al.  Case study of failure simulation of pipelines conducted in chosen water supply system , 2017 .

[17]  Dimitrios Vamvatsikos,et al.  Incremental dynamic analysis , 2002 .

[18]  高田 至郎,et al.  Entropy-Based RedundancyMeasures for Water Distribution Network under Seismic Risk , 2006 .

[19]  Jong-Su Jeon,et al.  Seismic fragility analysis of a buried gas pipeline based on nonlinear time-history analysis , 2016 .

[20]  Rudy Gargano,et al.  RELIABILITY AS TOOL FOR HYDRAULIC NETWORK PLANNING , 2000 .

[21]  Nai-Chi Hsiao,et al.  Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Intensity in Taiwan , 2003 .

[22]  Tiku T. Tanyimboh,et al.  A maximum entropy based approach to the layout optimization of water distribution systems , 2002 .

[23]  C. E. SHANNON,et al.  A mathematical theory of communication , 1948, MOCO.

[24]  Paul Jowitt,et al.  Path entropy method for multiple-source water distribution networks , 2005 .

[25]  Rapid Estimation of Peak Ground Velocity and Earthquake Location Using Small Magnitude Earthquakes in the Tehran Region, Iran , 2013 .

[26]  Stjepan Lakusic.  Reliability assessment of water distribution network by means of informational entropy using design/hydraulic parameters , 2017 .

[27]  T. Tanyimboh,et al.  Maximum entropy flows for single-source networks , 1993 .

[28]  Lamberto Cesari,et al.  Optimization-Theory And Applications , 1983 .

[29]  Gian Paolo Cimellaro,et al.  Closure to “New Resilience Index for Urban Water Distribution Networks” by G. P. Cimellaro, A. Tinebra, C. Renschler, and M. Fragiadakis , 2017 .

[30]  M. R. Bazargan-Lari,et al.  An evidential reasoning approach to optimal monitoring of drinking water distribution systems for detecting deliberate contamination events , 2014 .

[31]  David H. Marks,et al.  Water Distribution Reliability: Simulation Methods , 1988 .

[32]  Paul Jowitt,et al.  Some new insights on informational entropy for water distribution networks , 2005 .

[33]  Myung-Hyun Noh,et al.  Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Piping Fragility due to Earthquake Fault Mechanisms , 2015 .

[34]  Mario Ordaz,et al.  Seismic Fragility Formulations for Segmented Buried Pipeline Systems Including the Impact of Differential Ground Subsidence , 2009 .

[35]  Masaru Hoshiya,et al.  Redundancy index of lifelines for mitigation measures against seismic risk , 2004 .

[36]  Ian C. Goulter,et al.  Assessment of reliability in water distribution networks using entropy based measures , 1990 .

[37]  Wah Khim Ang,et al.  Some observations on energy loss and network entropy in water distribution networks , 2003 .

[38]  On the Calculation of Peak Ground Velocity for Seismic Performance Assessment , 2015 .

[39]  Kash Barker,et al.  A review of definitions and measures of system resilience , 2016, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[40]  G. Cimellaro,et al.  New Resilience Index for Urban Water Distribution Networks , 2016 .