Open wye-open delta and open delta-open delta transformer models for rigorous distribution system analysis

The authors present mathematical models of open wye-open delta and open delta-open delta transformers for rigorous distribution system studies. The copper and core losses, winding connection, phase angular displacement between primary and secondary windings, and off-nominal tapping are all taken into account in the proposed models. Because open wye-open delta and open delta-open delta transformer banks are quite often used in distribution system, for analysing a distribution system in detail the modelling of these transformers are therefore required.< >