FRIEND21 Project: two-tiered architecture for 21st-century human interfaces

The FRIEND21 Project, which ended on March 31,1994, is briefly described and its final results are presented. The FRIEND21 Project conducted research into human interfaces having two-tiered architecture consisting of “metaware” and “agency model.” This approach attempts to deal with human-interface issues from the very top layer of a symbolic and cognitive environment constructed between the user and the machine to the bottom layer of machine functions organized into the agency model.