Exploring the suitability of coarse-grained techniques for the representation of protein dynamics.

A systematic study of two coarse-grained techniques for the description of protein dynamics is presented. The two techniques exploit either Brownian or discrete molecular dynamics algorithms applied in the context of simple C(alpha)-C(alpha) potentials, like those used in coarse-grained normal mode analysis. Coarse-grained simulations of the flexibility of protein metafolds are compared to those computed with fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations using state-of-the-art physical potentials and explicit solvent. Both coarse-grained models efficiently capture critical features of the protein dynamics.

[1]  M. Karplus,et al.  Protein dynamics in solution and in a crystalline environment: a molecular dynamics study. , 1982, Biochemistry.

[2]  K. P. Murphy,et al.  Stabilization of proteins by ligand binding: application to drug screening and determination of unfolding energetics. , 2003, Biochemistry.

[3]  D. Sherrington Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry , 1983 .

[4]  K. Vahala Handbook of stochastic methods for physics, chemistry and the natural sciences , 1986, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[5]  G. Ciccotti,et al.  Numerical Integration of the Cartesian Equations of Motion of a System with Constraints: Molecular Dynamics of n-Alkanes , 1977 .

[6]  A. Cooper Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids , 1988 .

[7]  R. Abagyan,et al.  Predictions of protein flexibility: First‐order measures , 2004, Proteins.

[8]  F. Javier Luque,et al.  Theoretical Methods for the Simulation of Nucleic Acids , 2004 .

[9]  H. Stanley,et al.  Discrete molecular dynamics simulations of peptide aggregation. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[10]  T. Darden,et al.  Particle mesh Ewald: An N⋅log(N) method for Ewald sums in large systems , 1993 .

[11]  Laxmikant V. Kale,et al.  NAMD2: Greater Scalability for Parallel Molecular Dynamics , 1999 .

[12]  Jeremy C. Smith,et al.  The role of dynamics in enzyme activity. , 2003, Annual review of biophysics and biomolecular structure.

[13]  F. J. Luque,et al.  Data Mining of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories of Nucleic Acids , 2006, Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.

[14]  Modesto Orozco,et al.  A consensus view of protein dynamics , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  J. Banavar,et al.  Computer Simulation of Liquids , 1988 .

[16]  M. Karplus,et al.  Proteins: A Theoretical Perspective of Dynamics, Structure, and Thermodynamics , 1988 .

[17]  K. Hinsen,et al.  Analysis of domain motions in large proteins , 1999, Proteins.

[18]  M Karplus,et al.  The dynamics of proteins. , 1986, Scientific American.

[19]  W. L. Jorgensen,et al.  Development and Testing of the OPLS All-Atom Force Field on Conformational Energetics and Properties of Organic Liquids , 1996 .

[20]  Anna Walsh STUDIES IN MOLECULAR DYNAMICS , 1965 .

[21]  S. Buldyrev,et al.  Folding Trp-cage to NMR resolution native structure using a coarse-grained protein model. , 2004, Biophysical journal.

[22]  H. Berendsen,et al.  Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath , 1984 .

[23]  M. Karplus,et al.  Native proteins are surface-molten solids: application of the Lindemann criterion for the solid versus liquid state. , 1999, Journal of molecular biology.

[24]  M. Karplus,et al.  Molecular dynamics and protein function. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[25]  J. Borreguero,et al.  Mechanism for the α‐helix to β‐hairpin transition , 2003, Proteins.

[26]  Benny D. Freeman,et al.  Molecular Dynamics for Polymeric Fluids Using Discontinuous Potentials , 1997 .

[27]  I. Bahar,et al.  Coupling between catalytic site and collective dynamics: a requirement for mechanochemical activity of enzymes. , 2005, Structure.

[28]  William L. Jorgensen,et al.  OPLS all‐atom force field for carbohydrates , 1997 .

[29]  William L. Jorgensen,et al.  Free Energies of Hydration and Pure Liquid Properties of Hydrocarbons from the OPLS All-Atom Model , 1994 .

[30]  M Karplus,et al.  The allosteric mechanism of the chaperonin GroEL: a dynamic analysis. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  T. C. Bruice,et al.  Anticorrelated motions as a driving force in enzyme catalysis: the dehydrogenase reaction. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[32]  C. Hall,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulations of spontaneous fibril formation by random-coil peptides. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[33]  C. Brooks,et al.  Deciphering the kinetic mechanism of spontaneous self-assembly of icosahedral capsids. , 2007, Nano letters (Print).

[34]  R. Friesner,et al.  Evaluation and Reparametrization of the OPLS-AA Force Field for Proteins via Comparison with Accurate Quantum Chemical Calculations on Peptides† , 2001 .

[35]  Alexander D. MacKerell,et al.  All-atom empirical potential for molecular modeling and dynamics studies of proteins. , 1998, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[36]  K. Hinsen Analysis of domain motions by approximate normal mode calculations , 1998, Proteins.

[37]  C. Hall,et al.  α‐Helix formation: Discontinuous molecular dynamics on an intermediate‐resolution protein model , 2001, Proteins.

[38]  W. L. Jorgensen,et al.  Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water , 1983 .

[39]  B. Hess,et al.  Similarities between principal components of protein dynamics and random diffusion , 2000, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[40]  H. Berendsen,et al.  Essential dynamics of proteins , 1993, Proteins.

[41]  Ioan Andricioaei,et al.  On the calculation of entropy from covariance matrices of the atomic fluctuations , 2001 .

[42]  B. Alder,et al.  Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method , 1959 .

[43]  Modesto Orozco,et al.  Exploring the Essential Dynamics of B-DNA. , 2005, Journal of chemical theory and computation.

[44]  J. Schlitter Estimation of absolute and relative entropies of macromolecules using the covariance matrix , 1993 .

[45]  M. Karplus,et al.  Dynamics of folded proteins , 1977, Nature.

[46]  Ivet Bahar,et al.  Dynamics of proteins predicted by molecular dynamics simulations and analytical approaches: Application to α‐amylase inhibitor , 2000, Proteins.

[47]  Carol K Hall,et al.  Side-chain interactions determine amyloid formation by model polyglutamine peptides in molecular dynamics simulations. , 2006, Biophysical journal.

[48]  I. Wilson,et al.  Erythropoietin receptor activation by a ligand-induced conformation change. , 1999, Science.

[49]  Ryan Day,et al.  A consensus view of fold space: Combining SCOP, CATH, and the Dali Domain Dictionary , 2003, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[50]  Michael W. Mahoney,et al.  A five-site model for liquid water and the reproduction of the density anomaly by rigid, nonpolarizable potential functions , 2000 .

[51]  Feng Ding,et al.  Multiscale modeling of nucleosome dynamics. , 2007, Biophysical journal.

[52]  Sophie Sacquin-Mora,et al.  Investigating the local flexibility of functional residues in hemoproteins. , 2006, Biophysical journal.

[53]  C. W. Gardiner,et al.  Handbook of stochastic methods - for physics, chemistry and the natural sciences, Second Edition , 1986, Springer series in synergetics.

[54]  Laxmikant V. Kalé,et al.  Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD , 2005, J. Comput. Chem..

[55]  Alexander D. MacKerell,et al.  An all-atom empirical energy function for the simulation of nucleic acids , 1995 .

[56]  M. Karplus,et al.  Interpreting the folding kinetics of helical proteins , 1999, Nature.

[57]  P. Chacón,et al.  Thorough validation of protein normal mode analysis: a comparative study with essential dynamics. , 2007, Structure.

[58]  J. Berg,et al.  Molecular dynamics simulations of biomolecules , 2002, Nature Structural Biology.

[59]  Arieh Warshel,et al.  Bicycle-pedal model for the first step in the vision process , 1976, Nature.

[60]  M. DePristo,et al.  Simultaneous determination of protein structure and dynamics , 2005, Nature.

[61]  P. Kollman,et al.  A Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules , 1995 .

[62]  H. C. Andersen Rattle: A “velocity” version of the shake algorithm for molecular dynamics calculations , 1983 .

[63]  D. A. Bosco,et al.  Enzyme Dynamics During Catalysis , 2002, Science.

[64]  M. Karplus,et al.  Equilibrium thermodynamics of homopolymers and clusters: Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations of systems with square-well interactions , 1997 .