Testing the Selectivity Hypothesis in cause-related marketing among Generation Y: [When] Does gender matter for short- and long-term persuasion?

Cause-related marketing (CRM) can enhance corporate image and increase sales, but effects may vary depending on the audience. Findings from a national survey, Study 1, reveal that Generation Y women are more likely than Generation Y men to support CRM. Our research further demonstrates unique findings with respect to message processing and response to a CRM campaign. In an experimental setting, Study 2 shows different gendered responses to a CRM campaign over time. Results show that men's purchase intentions decrease after message exposure, but increase after a two-week delay; the opposite was true for women. In line with the Selectivity Hypothesis theory, only women integrated multiple cues into the formation of purchase intentions. Theoretical and managerial aspects of gender for CRM are discussed.

[1]  Lois A. Mohr,et al.  A Typology of Consumer Responses to Cause-Related Marketing: From Skeptics to Socially Concerned , 1998 .

[2]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  The Influence of Sex Roles on Judgment , 1988 .

[3]  Kenneth R. Lord,et al.  Consumer Responses to Complex Advertisements: The Moderating Role of Need for Cognition, Knowledge, and Gender , 2004 .

[4]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments , 1991 .

[5]  S. Bem Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. , 1981 .

[6]  J. Brehm A theory of psychological reactance. , 1981 .

[7]  R. A. Wicklund,et al.  Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance , 1980 .

[8]  Joan Meyers-Levy,et al.  Exploring Differences in Males' and Females' Processing Strategies , 1991 .

[9]  Scott M. Smith,et al.  Cause marketing: a new direction in the marketing of corporate responsibility , 1991 .

[10]  Darrel D. Muehling,et al.  Advertising's Immediate and Delayed Influence on Brand Attitudes: Considerations across Message-Involvement Levels , 1988 .

[11]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  An Empirical Examination of the Structural Antecedents of Attitude toward the Ad in an Advertising Pretesting Context , 1989 .

[12]  Bernard J. Jansen,et al.  Gender demographic targeting in sponsored search , 2010, CHI.

[13]  Imran M. Qureshi,et al.  Cause related marketing campaigns and consumer purchase intentions: The mediating role of brand awareness and corporate image , 2010 .

[14]  Alan G. Sawyer,et al.  The sleeper effect in persuasion: a meta-analytic review. , 2004, Psychological bulletin.

[15]  Dirk C. Moosmayer,et al.  Consumer perceptions of cause related marketing campaigns , 2010 .

[16]  Russell N. Laczniak,et al.  The effects of gender on processing advertising and product trial information , 2006 .

[17]  Stephen J. Arnold,et al.  Sex, gender identity, gender role attitudes, and consumer behavior , 1994 .

[18]  Judith A. Hall Nonverbal sex differences : communication accuracy and expressive style , 1984 .

[19]  S Adkins,et al.  Cause related marketing : who cares wins , 1999 .

[20]  C. E. Joubert Relationship among Self-Esteem, Psychological Reactance, and other Personality Variables , 1990, Psychological reports.

[21]  Barbara A. Lafferty,et al.  CAUSE-BRAND ALLIANCES: DOES THE CAUSE HELP THE BRAND OR DOES THE BRAND HELP THE CAUSE? , 2005 .

[22]  D. Halpern Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities , 1986 .

[23]  Erica Weintraub Austin,et al.  Gender as a Variable in Interpretation of Alcohol-Related Messages , 2002, Commun. Res..

[24]  Michelle Renee Nelson,et al.  Explaining Gendered Responses to “Help-Self” and “Help-Others” Charity Ad Appeals: The Mediating Role of World-Views , 2000 .

[25]  Amitava Chattopadhyay,et al.  The Situational Importance of Recall and Inference in Consumer Decision Making , 1988 .

[26]  Kai H. Lim,et al.  Do males and females think in the same way? An empirical investigation on the gender differences in Web advertising evaluation , 2010, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[27]  Sejung Marina Choi,et al.  CONGRUENCE EFFECTS IN SPONSORSHIP: The Mediating Role of Sponsor Credibility and Consumer Attributions of Sponsor Motive , 2004 .

[28]  Xiaoli Nan,et al.  Consumer Responses to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives: Examining the Role of Brand-Cause Fit in Cause-Related Marketing , 2007 .

[29]  Kay M. Palan,et al.  Gender Identity in Consumer Behavior Research: A Literature Review and Research Agenda , 2003 .

[30]  Thomas D. Cook,et al.  The Persistence of Experimentally Induced Attitude Change , 1978 .

[31]  M. Jarymowicz,et al.  The Effect of Gender on Cognitive Structuring: Who are More Biased, Men or Women? , 2010 .

[32]  M. Nelson,et al.  Is the selectivity hypothesis still relevant? A review of gendered persuasion and processing of advertising messages , 2012 .

[33]  Saroja Subrahmanyan,et al.  Effects of price premium and product type on the choice of cause‐related brands: a Singapore perspective , 2004 .

[34]  John W. Pracejus,et al.  The role of brand/cause fit in the effectiveness of cause-related marketing campaigns , 2003 .

[35]  R. Rust,et al.  Reliability Measures for Qualitative Data: Theory and Implications , 1994 .

[36]  Praveen Aggarwal,et al.  Using Commitments to Drive Consistency: Enhancing the Effectiveness of Cause‐related Marketing Communications , 2005 .

[37]  John R. Rossiter,et al.  The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing , 2002 .

[38]  S. Putrevu,et al.  COMMUNICATING WITH THE SEXES: Male and Female Responses to Print Advertisements , 2004 .

[39]  M. Stutts,et al.  Consumer perceptions of organizations that use cause-related marketing , 1992 .

[40]  Barbara A. Lafferty,et al.  Portraying the Cause Instead of the Brand in Cause-Related Marketing ADS: Does it Really Matter? , 2009 .

[41]  Diana L. Haytko,et al.  What drives college-age Generation Y consumers? , 2009 .

[42]  P. Sullivan,et al.  CAUSE RELATED MARKETING: HOW GENERATION Y RESPONDS , 2003 .

[43]  M. Hupfer Communicating with the Agentic Woman and the Communal Man: Are Stereotypic Advertising Appeals Still Relevant? , 2002 .

[44]  W. Ko,et al.  An Analysis of Cause-Related Marketing Implementation Strategies Through Social Alliance: Partnership Conditions and Strategic Objectives , 2011 .

[45]  M. Stutts,et al.  Tactical Considerations For The Effective Use Of Cause-Related Marketing , 2011 .

[46]  Tina M. Lowrey,et al.  The interaction of endorser attractiveness and involvement in persuasion depends on the goal that guides message processing , 1994 .

[47]  Carsten Rennhak,et al.  Cause-Related Marketing , 2011 .

[48]  Silvia Sanz-Blas,et al.  Cause-related marketing influence on consumer responses: The moderating effect of cause–brand fit , 2012 .

[49]  Isabella Chaney,et al.  Cause related marketing in New Zealand , 2001 .

[50]  Gilbert A. Churchill A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs , 1979 .

[51]  E. Lenney,et al.  Sex differences in self-confidence: The influence of comparison to others' ability level , 1983 .

[52]  J. Brehm,et al.  Psychological Reactance: A Theory of Freedom and Control , 1981 .

[53]  Marie-Odile Richard,et al.  A Proposed Model of Online Consumer Behavior: Assessing the Role of Gender , 2010 .

[54]  Walter C. Buboltz,et al.  Ethnic and gender differences in psychological reactance: the importance of reactance in multicultural counselling , 2004 .

[55]  J. Rossiter,et al.  The Predictive Validity of Multiple-Item versus Single-Item Measures of the Same Constructs , 2007 .