Chapter 1 Tropospheric Aerosols

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some important aspects of tropospheric aerosols, including their sources, geographic distributions, sizes, chemical properties, and their transport and residence times. The emphasis is placed on the physical and chemical properties of tropospheric aerosols. There are two major sources of atmospheric aerosols: widespread surface sources and spatial sources. Widespread surface sources means sources at the base of the atmospheric volume (for example, oceans and deserts). Spatial sources refer to those within the atmospheric volume (for example, GPC and clouds). Additional point sources, such as volcanoes, are globally important in their influence on the stratosphere. Otherwise, because of short tropospheric residence times, aerosols from point sources affect mainly regional and local scales. The extreme variability of tropospheric aerosols gives rise to many problems and questions. Because of the short residence time of tropospheric aerosols (the residence time of water is comparable to that of aerosols), measuring networks with the density of precipitation networks are necessary to understand atmospheric aerosols. Sound strategies are needed to obtain the most useful and reliable measurements, particularly as dense measuring networks are unlikely to become available.

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