Cleaner Production and Industrial Ecology

At the early 1990’s approximately 300 CP-projects were conducted in Norwegian companies, companies that represented different industrial branches. One of these branches was the shipbuilding and shipping industry in Norway. A few companies were involved in a pilot program on CP in the beginning of this period. The CP-projects resulted in a series of different follow-up project. Today these companies have implemented environmental management systems (not yet certified after international standards), and their daily work and cooperation with other companies follows more or less the principles of industrial ecology. Some of the companies have started to work out eco-efficiency measures and eco-efficiency indicators.