LncATLAS database for subcellular localization of long noncoding RNAs

The subcellular localization of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) holds valuable clues to their molecular function. However, measuring localization of newly discovered lncRNAs involves time-consuming and costly experimental methods. We have created "lncATLAS," a comprehensive resource of lncRNA localization in human cells based on RNA-sequencing data sets. Altogether, 6768 GENCODE-annotated lncRNAs are represented across various compartments of 15 cell lines. We introduce relative concentration index (RCI) as a useful measure of localization derived from ensemble RNA-seq measurements. LncATLAS is accessible through an intuitive and informative webserver, from which lncRNAs of interest are accessed using identifiers or names. Localization is presented across cell types and organelles, and may be compared to the distribution of all other genes. Publication-quality figures and raw data tables are automatically generated with each query, and the entire data set is also available to download. LncATLAS makes lncRNA subcellular localization data available to the widest possible number of researchers. It is available at lncatlas.crg.eu.

[1]  Silvia Zucchelli,et al.  Engineering Translation in Mammalian Cell Factories to Increase Protein Yield: The Unexpected Use of Long Non-Coding SINEUP RNAs , 2016, Computational and structural biotechnology journal.

[2]  Howard Y. Chang,et al.  Long Noncoding RNA as Modular Scaffold of Histone Modification Complexes , 2010, Science.

[3]  R. Guigó,et al.  CARMEN, a human super enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA controlling cardiac specification, differentiation and homeostasis. , 2015, Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology.

[4]  Nadav S. Bar,et al.  Landscape of transcription in human cells , 2012, Nature.

[5]  John N. Hutchinson,et al.  A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains , 2007, BMC Genomics.

[6]  G. Chrousos,et al.  Noncoding RNA Gas5 Is a Growth Arrest– and Starvation-Associated Repressor of the Glucocorticoid Receptor , 2010, Science Signaling.

[7]  Maik Röder,et al.  Grape RNA-Seq analysis pipeline environment , 2013, Bioinform..

[8]  M. Askarian-Amiri,et al.  ZFAS1: a long noncoding RNA associated with ribosomes in breast cancer cells , 2016, Biology Direct.

[9]  Thomas R. Gingeras,et al.  STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner , 2013, Bioinform..

[10]  Gaurav Kumar Pandey,et al.  Regulation of the mammalian epigenome by long noncoding RNAs. , 2009, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[11]  Xing Chen,et al.  LncRNADisease: a database for long-non-coding RNA-associated diseases , 2012, Nucleic Acids Res..

[12]  Ling-Ling Chen Linking Long Noncoding RNA Localization and Function. , 2016, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[13]  Moran N Cabili,et al.  Visualization of lncRNA by single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization. , 2015, Methods in molecular biology.

[14]  D. Bartel,et al.  lincRNAs: Genomics, Evolution, and Mechanisms , 2013, Cell.

[15]  Martin Renqiang Min,et al.  An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome , 2012 .

[16]  Kotb Abdelmohsen,et al.  LincRNA-p21 suppresses target mRNA translation. , 2012, Molecular cell.

[17]  Gaurav Kumar Pandey,et al.  Characterization of the RNA content of chromatin. , 2010, Genome research.

[18]  Kun Zhang,et al.  Fluorescent in situ sequencing (FISSEQ) of RNA for gene expression profiling in intact cells and tissues , 2015, Nature Protocols.

[19]  Yan Huang,et al.  RNALocate: a resource for RNA subcellular localizations , 2016, Nucleic Acids Res..

[20]  Piero Carninci,et al.  Identification of antisense long noncoding RNAs that function as SINEUPs in human cells , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[21]  George M. Church,et al.  Highly Multiplexed Subcellular RNA Sequencing in Situ , 2014, Science.

[22]  X. Wang,et al.  The role and possible mechanism of lncRNA U90926 in modulating 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation , 2016, International Journal of Obesity.

[23]  D. Cacchiarelli,et al.  A Long Noncoding RNA Controls Muscle Differentiation by Functioning as a Competing Endogenous RNA , 2011, Cell.

[24]  Scott A. Rifkin,et al.  Imaging individual mRNA molecules using multiple singly labeled probes , 2008, Nature Methods.

[25]  E. Cuppen,et al.  Extensive localization of long noncoding RNAs to the cytosol and mono- and polyribosomal complexes , 2014, Genome Biology.

[26]  Carolyn J. Brown,et al.  The human XIST gene: Analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus , 1992, Cell.

[27]  Shuji Nakamura,et al.  A thymus-specific noncoding RNA, Thy-ncR1, is a cytoplasmic riboregulator of MFAP4 mRNA in immature T-cell lines , 2010, BMC Molecular Biology.

[28]  Jeannie T. Lee,et al.  Polycomb Proteins Targeted by a Short Repeat RNA to the Mouse X Chromosome , 2008, Science.

[29]  Marcel E. Dinger,et al.  lncRNAdb v2.0: expanding the reference database for functional long noncoding RNAs , 2014, Nucleic Acids Res..

[30]  David G. Knowles,et al.  The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: Analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression , 2012, Genome research.

[31]  S. Batalov,et al.  A Strategy for Probing the Function of Noncoding RNAs Finds a Repressor of NFAT , 2005, Science.

[32]  Colin N. Dewey,et al.  RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome , 2011, BMC Bioinformatics.

[33]  J. Rinn,et al.  Localization and abundance analysis of human lncRNAs at single-cell and single-molecule resolution , 2015, Genome Biology.

[34]  J. Mcneil,et al.  XIST RNA paints the inactive X chromosome at interphase: evidence for a novel RNA involved in nuclear/chromosome structure , 1996, The Journal of cell biology.

[35]  Howard Y. Chang,et al.  Functional Demarcation of Active and Silent Chromatin Domains in Human HOX Loci by Noncoding RNAs , 2007, Cell.

[36]  D. Levy,et al.  Nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA quantification by SYBR green based real-time RT-PCR. , 2006, Methods.

[37]  A. Ishizuka,et al.  Formation of nuclear bodies by the lncRNA Gomafu-associating proteins Celf3 and SF1 , 2014, Genes to cells : devoted to molecular & cellular mechanisms.

[38]  J. Rinn,et al.  Modular regulatory principles of large non-coding RNAs , 2012, Nature.

[39]  Bronwen L. Aken,et al.  GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project , 2012, Genome research.

[40]  Roderic Guigó,et al.  Cytoplasmic long noncoding RNAs are frequently bound to and degraded at ribosomes in human cells , 2016, RNA.