A Scalable Communication Protocol for Multi-layered Groups

A group of peers are required to cooperate with each other in distributed applications on P2P overlay networks. In order to realize a scalable P2P group, messages are causally ordered by taking advantage of linear time (LT) and physical time (PT) since message length is O(1) in this paper. In this paper, we newly discuss a multi-layered model to realize a scalable group. A group is hierarchically decomposed into subgroups and every peer is in a leaf peer. We present how to order messages by using PT and LT in a multi-layered group. We evaluate the multi-layered group protocol in terms of the group information size and delay time among peers compared with a flat group.

[1]  Tomoya Enokido,et al.  Hybrid Clock-Based Synchronization in a Scalable Heterogeneous Group , 2010, 2010 13th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems.

[2]  LamportLeslie Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system , 1978 .

[3]  W. Marsden I and J , 2012 .

[4]  R. Stephenson A and V , 1962, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[5]  Louise E. Moser,et al.  Membership algorithms for asynchronous distributed systems , 1991, [1991] Proceedings. 11th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[6]  Tomoya Enokido,et al.  A scalable group communication protocol with hybrid clocks , 2011, Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp..

[7]  Bradford W. Parkinson,et al.  Global Positioning System (GPS) , 2003 .

[8]  Srinivasan Keshav,et al.  Efficient and decentralized computation of approximate global state , 2006, CCRV.

[9]  Tomoya Enokido,et al.  Reduction of Messages Unnecessarily Ordered in Scalable Group Communication , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems.

[10]  Ulrich Schmid,et al.  Synchronized universal time coordinated for distributed real-time systems , 1995 .

[11]  Akihito Nakamura,et al.  Causally ordering broadcast protocol , 1994, 14th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[12]  Friedemann Mattern,et al.  Algorithms for distributed termination detection , 1987, Distributed Computing.

[13]  Robbert van Renesse,et al.  Reliable Distributed Computing with the Isis Toolkit , 1994 .

[14]  Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof,et al.  Global Positioning System (GPS). Theory and practice , 1992 .

[15]  David L. Mills,et al.  Network Time Protocol (NTP) , 1985, RFC.

[16]  Rüdiger Schollmeier,et al.  A definition of peer-to-peer networking for the classification of peer-to-peer architectures and applications , 2001, Proceedings First International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing.

[17]  Prashant Malik,et al.  Cassandra: a decentralized structured storage system , 2010, OPSR.

[18]  Tomoya Enokido,et al.  Causally ordered delivery with global clock in hierarchical group , 2005, 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS'05).

[19]  Leslie Lamport,et al.  Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system , 1978, CACM.

[20]  Tomoya Enokido,et al.  A Scalable Peer-to-Peer Group Communication Protocol , 2010, 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications.