Basement Geochemistry and Geochronology of Central Malaita, Solomon Islands, with Implications for the Origin and Evolution of the Ontong Java Plateau

Sections of Ontong Java Plateau basalt basement in central Malaita genesis; eruptive stratigraphy (Solomon Islands) are 0·5–3·5 km thick and resemble a much-expanded version of that recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 807. 40 Ar– 39 Ar ages (121–125 Ma) are identical to those for Site 807, southern Malaita, Ramos Island, parts of the island of Santa Isabel, and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 289; the >90 Ma INTRODUCTION eruptive episode seen in Santa Isabel, San Cristobal, and at drill The Solomon islands of Malaita, Ramos, Ulawa, the sites 803 and 288 is not represented. The central Malaitan basalts northeastern part of Santa Isabel, and probably part of provide further evidence of two distinct ocean-island-like mantle San Cristobal (a.k.a. Makira) form the obducted and sources, and the combined data preclude a significant contribution uplifted southwestern margin of the world's largest vol-from normal ocean-ridge-type mantle. As at Site 807, two geo-canic oceanic plateau, the 5 × 10 7 km 3 Ontong Java chemically distinct stratigraphic groups are present, Re-eclogite-bearing plume-head may account for the geochemical char-connaissance studies show that the Cretaceous igneous acteristics, but the observed stratigraphic succession requires special basement of these islands is almost indistinguishable in conditions for the latter model. A number of first-order features of age from, and closely similar in composition to, that the Ontong Java Plateau do not obviously fit the predictions of any drilled at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 807 and plume-head model: for example, at least two important, geochemically 803 and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 289 on similar eruptive episodes >30 my apart, the lack of an obvious the northern and north–central plateau (Mahoney et al., plume-tail trace, and lack of evidence for emergence or Recently, we sampled accessible portions of uplift.

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