A stochastic map for uncertain spatial relationships

In this paper we will describe a representation for spatial relationships which makes explicit their inherent uncertainty. We will show ways to manipulate them to obtain estimates of relationships and associated uncertainties not explicitly given, and show how decisions to sense or act can be made a priori based on those estimates. We will show how new constraint information, usually obtained by measurement, can be used to update the world model of relationships consistently, and in some situations, optimally. The framework we describe relies only on well-known state estimation methods.

[1]  Peter Cheeseman,et al.  On the Representation and Estimation of Spatial Uncertainty , 1986 .

[2]  Robert C. Bolles,et al.  Test-Bed for Programmable Automation Research. Phase I. , 1984 .

[3]  Hugh F. Durrant-Whyte,et al.  Consistent Integration and Propagation of Disparate Sensor Observations , 1986, Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[4]  Peter C. Cheeseman,et al.  Estimating uncertain spatial relationships in robotics , 1986, Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[5]  Arthur Gelb,et al.  Applied Optimal Estimation , 1974 .

[6]  Russell H. Taylor,et al.  The synthesis of manipulator control programs from task-level specifications , 1976 .

[7]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Probability, random variables and stochastic processes , 1985, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[8]  Jean-Paul Laumond,et al.  Position referencing and consistent world modeling for mobile robots , 1985, Proceedings. 1985 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[9]  Nasser E. Nahi,et al.  Estimation Theory and Applications , 1969 .

[10]  C. M. Wang,et al.  Error analysis of spatial representation and estimation of mobile robots , 1989 .

[11]  R. Paul Robot manipulators : mathematics, programming, and control : the computer control of robot manipulators , 1981 .

[12]  M. Hebert,et al.  The Representation, Recognition, and Locating of 3-D Objects , 1986 .

[13]  Rodney A. Brooks,et al.  Symbolic Error Analysis and Robot Planning , 1982 .

[14]  David B. Cooper,et al.  On Optimally Combining Pieces of Information, with Application to Estimating 3-D Complex-Object Position from Range Data , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.