Simplified Formulae for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbines Clutter on Marine Radars

The potential impact that offshore wind farms may cause on nearby marine radars should be considered before the wind farm is installed. Strong radar echoes from the turbines may degrade radars' detection capability in the area around the wind farm. Although conventional computational methods provide accurate results of scattering by wind turbines, they are not directly implementable in software tools that can be used to conduct the impact studies. This paper proposes a simple model to assess the clutter that wind turbines may generate on marine radars. This method can be easily implemented in the system modeling software tools for the impact analysis of a wind farm in a real scenario.

[1]  Eugene F. Knott,et al.  Radar Cross Section: Its Prediction, Measurement and Reduction , 1985 .

[2]  R.B. Dybdal,et al.  Radar cross section measurements , 1986, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[3]  B. Welsh,et al.  Accuracy criteria for radar cross section measurements of targets consisting of multiple independent scatterers , 1988 .

[4]  Bassem Mahafza,et al.  Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB , 2000 .

[5]  P. Pouliguen,et al.  Calculation and analysis of electromagnetic scattering by helicopter rotating blades , 2002 .

[6]  John F. Shaeffer,et al.  Radar Cross Section , 2004 .

[7]  D. C. Jenn,et al.  Radar and laser cross section engineering , 2005 .

[8]  A.K. Brown,et al.  RCS and radar propagation near offshore wind farms , 2007, 2007 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.

[9]  Emmanuel Van Lil,et al.  Approximate Methods For Computing RF Fields in the Presence of Moving Objects , 2008 .

[10]  J.C.G. Matthews,et al.  Interaction between radar systems and wind farms , 2008, 2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference.

[11]  John J. Lemmon.  Assessment of the Effects of Wind Turbines on Air Traffic Control Radars , 2008 .

[12]  Dave Trappeniers,et al.  Computations of radar returns of wind turbines , 2009, 2009 3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.

[13]  Jacob Ladenburg,et al.  Stated public preferences for on-land and offshore wind power generation—a review , 2009 .

[14]  M. B. Zaaijer,et al.  Review of knowledge development for the design of offshore wind energy technology , 2009 .

[15]  Mohammad Alaee,et al.  A New Model for Rain Clutter Cancellation in Marine Radars , 2010, 2010 Fourth Asia International Conference on Mathematical/Analytical Modelling and Computer Simulation.

[16]  Manuel Rosa-Zurera,et al.  Artificial Neural Network-Based Clutter Reduction Systems for Ship Size Estimation in Maritime Radars , 2010, EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process..

[17]  Anthony Brown,et al.  Partial treatment of wind turbine blades with radar absorbing materials (RAM) for RCS reduction , 2010, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.

[18]  E. Van Lil,et al.  Computation of false echo zones and shadowingg for aeronautical and weather radars , 2010, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.

[19]  Michel Borely.  Guidelines on How to Assess the Potential Impact of Wind Turbines on Surveillance Sensors , 2010 .

[21]  D. de la Vega,et al.  Software tool for the analysis of potential impact of wind farms on radiocommunication services , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB).

[22]  D. de la Vega,et al.  Analysis of the mast contribution to the scattering pattern of wind turbines in the UHF band , 2011, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP).

[23]  The Radar Cross Section and wind turbines - definition and effects of the ground and finite distances , 2011, 2011 12th International Radar Symposium (IRS).

[24]  Richard Crossley,et al.  Wind Turbine Blade Design , 2012 .

[25]  Oscar Barambones.  Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Wind Turbine Power Maximization , 2012 .

[26]  D. C. Jenn,et al.  Wind Turbine Radar Cross Section , 2012 .

[27]  Wen-Qin Wang.  Detecting and Mitigating Wind Turbine Clutter for Airspace Radar Systems , 2013, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[28]  I. Angulo,et al.  Mitigation Techniques to Reduce the Impact of Wind Turbines on Radar Services , 2013 .

[29]  Yingning Qiu,et al.  Review of recent offshore wind power developments in china , 2013 .

[30]  Yiyan Wu,et al.  A Measurement-Based Multipath Channel Model for Signal Propagation in Presence of Wind Farms in the UHF Band , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[31]  Yiyan Wu,et al.  New algorithms for estimating the impact of wind turbines on telecommunication services , 2013 .

[32]  Anthony K. Brown,et al.  Modeling Methodology for Computing the Radar Cross Section and Doppler Signature of Wind Farms , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[34]  Jinbong Kim,et al.  Reduction of radar interference—stealth wind blade structure with carbon nanocomposite sheets , 2014 .

[35]  Yiyan Wu,et al.  Impact analysis of wind farms on telecommunication services , 2014 .

[36]  Leonie Kohl.  Topics For A Statistical Description Of Radar Cross Section , 2016 .