Biofuel cell anode: NAD+/glucose dehydrogenase-coimmobilized ketjenblack electrode

Abstract We have studied the coimmobilization of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and its cofactor, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), on a ketjenblack (KB) electrode as a step toward a biofuel cell anode that works without mediators. A KB electrode was first treated with a sulfuric acid/nitric acid/water mixture to lower the overvoltage for NADH oxidation, and was next chemically modified with NAD+ and GDH. The improved GDH/NAD+/KB electrode is found to oxidize glucose around 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. A biofuel cell constructed with a bilirubin oxidase-immobilized KB cathode showed a maximum power density of 52 μW/cm2 at 0.3 V.

[1]  Scott Calabrese Barton,et al.  Enzymatic biofuel cells for implantable and microscale devices. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[2]  Kenji Kano,et al.  Glucose/O 2 Biofuel Cell Operating at Physiological Conditions , 2002 .

[3]  I. Willner,et al.  Electrical contacting of flavoenzymes and NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes by reconstitution and affinity interactions on phenylboronic acid monolayers associated with Au-electrodes. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  Boris Filanovsky,et al.  A biofuel cell based on two immiscible solvents and glucose oxidase and microperoxidase-11 monolayer-functionalized electrodes , 1999 .

[5]  Jing Liu,et al.  Power sources and electrical recharging strategies for implantable medical devices , 2008 .

[6]  Matsuhiko Nishizawa,et al.  Structural studies of enzyme-based microfluidic biofuel cells , 2008 .

[7]  Inamuddin,et al.  A conducting polymer/ferritin anode for biofuel cell applications , 2009 .

[8]  Shelley D. Minteer,et al.  Development of a membraneless ethanol/oxygen biofuel cell , 2006 .

[9]  Kenji Kano,et al.  A high-power glucose/oxygen biofuel cell operating under quiescent conditions , 2009 .

[10]  Adam Heller,et al.  Potentially implantable miniature batteries , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[11]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  A biofuel cell with enhanced performance by multilayer biocatalyst immobilized on highly ordered macroporous electrode. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[12]  Adam Heller,et al.  Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[13]  E. Antolini.  Formation, microstructural characteristics and stability of carbon supported platinum catalysts for low temperature fuel cells , 2003 .

[14]  I. Willner,et al.  Integrated, electrically contacted NAD(P)+-dependent enzyme-carbon nanotube electrodes for biosensors and biofuel cell applications. , 2007, Chemistry.

[15]  I. Willner,et al.  Magnetic field effects on bioelectrocatalytic reactions of surface-confined enzyme systems: enhanced performance of biofuel cells. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  George M. Whitesides,et al.  A methanol/dioxygen biofuel cell that uses NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases as catalysts: application of an electro-enzymatic method to regenerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide at low overpotentials , 1998 .

[17]  P. Tuñón,et al.  Amperometric biosensors based on NAD(P)‐dependent dehydrogenase enzymes , 1997 .

[18]  Matsuhiko Nishizawa,et al.  Enzyme-based glucose fuel cell using Vitamin K3-immobilized polymer as an electron mediator , 2005 .

[19]  S. Dong,et al.  Spectroelectrochemistry with cylindrical carbon-fiber microelectrodes , 1991 .

[20]  Takeo Yamaguchi,et al.  High-Surface-Area Three-Dimensional Biofuel Cell Electrode Using Redox-Polymer-Grafted Carbon , 2006 .

[21]  Y. Adachi,et al.  Oxidative degradation of carbon blacks with nitric acid: II. Formation of water-soluble polynuclear aromatic compounds , 2002 .

[22]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  Low-potential stable NADH detection at carbon-nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrodes , 2002 .

[23]  N. Mano,et al.  Characteristics of a miniature compartment-less glucose-O2 biofuel cell and its operation in a living plant. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[24]  Feng Gao,et al.  An enzymatic glucose/O2 biofuel cell: Preparation, characterization and performance in serum , 2007 .

[25]  Matsuhiko Nishizawa,et al.  An enzyme-based microfluidic biofuel cell using vitamin K3-mediated glucose oxidation , 2007 .

[26]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotubes: applications in nanobioelectronics. , 2004, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[27]  A. Heller.  Miniature biofuel cells , 2004 .

[28]  Zhenhong Yuan,et al.  Low potential detection of glutamate based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at thionine/single-walled carbon nanotubes composite modified electrode. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[29]  M. Senda,et al.  Bioelectrocatalysis at NAD-Dependent Dehydrogenase and Diaphorase-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes Containing Mediators , 1989 .

[30]  Roland Zengerle,et al.  Energy harvesting by implantable abiotically catalyzed glucose fuel cells , 2008 .

[31]  Takeo Yamaguchi,et al.  Immobilization of hydroquinone through a spacer to polymer grafted on carbon black for a high-surface-area biofuel cell electrode. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[32]  P. Bartlett,et al.  Bioelectrocatalysis with modified highly ordered macroporous electrodes , 2005 .

[33]  J. Chen,et al.  Acid/Base-treated activated carbons: characterization of functional groups and metal adsorptive properties. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[34]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Integrated Enzyme‐Based Biofuel Cells–A Review , 2009 .

[35]  I. Willner,et al.  Self-powered enzyme-based biosensors. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.