Spinal Neuronavigation and 3D-Printed Tubular Guide for Pedicle ScrewPlacement: A Really New Tool to Improve Safety and Accuracy of theSurgical Technique?

During the last years in spine surgery has become more urgent the need for a safe method to improve pedicle screw placement. A safe and correct placement can have many important consequences, both clinical (development of new symptoms) and medico-legal. The most widespread and used tool is neuronavigation. In literature, many studies have compared the precision of screw placement between free-hand, fluoroscopic guided technique and neuronavigation.