Tumor markers in patients with lung cancer.

The most examined tumor markers in lung cancer patients are CEA, hormonal peptides, and some neurogenic enzymes in small cell carcinoma. Calcitonin, ACTH, ADH, CEA, neurophysin, oxytocin, beta-endorphin, neuron-specific enolase, and CK BB are elevated in serum specimens in 25-75% of cases of small cell carcinoma. The level of these markers is related to the stage of the disease in groups of patients; elevated pretreatment levels decrease with tumor regression. Marker levels are not valid in defining the tumor load and the presence of disease in the individual patient. It has not yet been documented that the markers can be used for clinical decisions on antineoplastic therapy. A recent development is the finding that measurement of CSF and plasma concentrations of ADH, calcitonin, CK BB, bombesin, and neuron-specific enolase may contribute in the diagnosis of CNS metastases including meningeal carcinomatosis.

[1]  W. Brown.  A CASE OF PLURIGLANDULAR SYNDROME: " DIABETES OF BEARDED WOMEN." , 1928 .

[2]  C. Lucas,et al.  Cause of Cushing's syndrome in patients with tumors arising from "nonendocrine" tissue. , 1962, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[3]  R. Desousa,et al.  INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION OF VASOPRESSIN. , 1965, Lancet.

[4]  J. Azzopardi,et al.  Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders in Bronchial Carcinoma , 1970, British medical journal.

[5]  Endocrine and metabolic disorders in bronchial carcinoma. , 1971 .

[6]  D. Yue,et al.  Letter: Antigenicity of "monocomponent" insulins. , 1974, Lancet.

[7]  R. Yalow,et al.  Ectopic ACTH production in carcinoma of the lung. , 1974, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  J. W. Rassam,et al.  Incidence of paramalignant disorders in bronchogenic carcinoma. , 1975, Thorax.

[9]  J. S. Nystrom,et al.  Carcinoembryonic antigen titers on effusion fluid. A diagnostic tool? , 1977, Archives of internal medicine.

[10]  S. Carter,et al.  Biochemical markers in bronchial carcinoma. , 1977, British Journal of Cancer.

[11]  Daily excretion of antidiuretic hormone in bronchial carcinoma , 1977 .

[12]  N. Zamcheck,et al.  Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in benign and malignant pleural effusions. , 1978, Annals of internal medicine.

[13]  P. Bunn,et al.  Central nervous system metastases in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. , 1978, Seminars in oncology.

[14]  J. Minna,et al.  CNS metastases in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Increasing frequency and changing pattern with lengthening survival , 1979, Cancer.

[15]  B. Roos,et al.  Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin in lung cancer. , 1980, Endocrine Research Communications.

[16]  M. Melamed,et al.  Malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): The meaning of a positive CSF cytology , 2011, Neurology.

[17]  W. Odell,et al.  ProACTH: use for early detection of lung cancer. , 1979, The American journal of medicine.

[18]  W. Odell,et al.  Ectopic production of lipotropin by cancer. , 1979, The American journal of medicine.

[19]  M. Hansen,et al.  Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ectopic hormone production in small cell carcinoma of the lung , 1980, Thorax.

[20]  K. Havemann,et al.  Ectopic hormones in lung cancer patients at diagnosis and during therapy , 1980, Cancer.

[21]  M. Thorén,et al.  Plasma ACTH in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[22]  M. Fleisher,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers of central nervous system metastases , 1980, Annals of neurology.

[23]  H. Hansen,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid ACTH and calcitonin in patients with CNS metastases from small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. , 1980, European journal of cancer.

[24]  J. M. Christensen,et al.  Hormonal polypeptides and amine metabolites in small cell carcinoma of the lung, with special reference to stage and subtypes , 1980, Cancer.

[25]  M. Klockars,et al.  Carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural effusions: a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. , 1980, European journal of cancer.

[26]  H. Valtin,et al.  Human neurophysins as potential tumor markers for small cell carcinoma of the lung: application of specific radioimmunoassays. , 1980, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[27]  R. Comis,et al.  Abnormalities in water homeostasis in small cell anaplastic lung cancer , 1980, Cancer.

[28]  R. Post,et al.  Immunoreactive calcitonin in cerebrospinal fluid of man , 1980, Brain Research.

[29]  W. D. Couch.  Combined effusion fluid tumor marker assay, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), in the detection of malignant tumors , 1981, Cancer.

[30]  A study of immunoreactive calcitonin (CT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in lung cancer and other malignancies , 1981, Cancer.

[31]  M. Fleisher,et al.  Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with systemic cancer , 1981, Cancer.

[32]  S. Wallach,et al.  Plasma calcitonin as a marker of disease activity in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. , 1981, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[33]  M. Fleisher,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers in central nervous system tumors: a review. , 1981, Annals of clinical and laboratory science.

[34]  M. Hansen.  Clinical implications of ectopic hormone production in small cell carcinoma of the lung. , 1981, Danish medical bulletin.

[35]  J. Minna,et al.  SERUM NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE: A MARKER FOR DISEASE EXTENT AND RESPONSE TO THERAPY OF SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER , 1982, The Lancet.

[36]  H. Hansen,et al.  Intracranial metastases in small cell carcinoma of the lung. Correlation of clinical and autopsy findings , 1982, Cancer.

[37]  R. B. Spertell,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid: A selective review , 1982, Annals of neurology.

[38]  J. Posner,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: Experience with 90 patients , 1982, Cancer.

[39]  S. Bloom,et al.  Bombesin production by human small cell carcinoma of the lung , 1982, Regulatory Peptides.

[40]  P. May,et al.  Infrequent Elevation of Plasma ACTH in Patients with Bronchogenic Carcinoma , 1982, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[41]  J. Ratcliffe,et al.  Circulating ACTH and related peptides in lung cancer. , 1982, British Journal of Cancer.

[42]  J. Lokich.  The frequency and clinical biology of the ectopic hormone syndromes of small cell carcinoma , 1982, Cancer.

[43]  P. Bondy,et al.  Endocrine function in small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung , 1982, Cancer.

[44]  K. Havemann,et al.  Demonstration of immunoreactive calcitonin in sera and tissues of lung cancer patients. , 1982, European journal of cancer & clinical oncology.

[45]  T. Suchi,et al.  [Neuron-specific enolase as a new tumor marker]. , 1983, Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.

[46]  S. Kennedy,et al.  Human neurophysins in carcinoma of the lung: relation to histology, disease stage, response rate, survival, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. , 1983, Cancer treatment reports.

[47]  J. Hainsworth,et al.  Management of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in small cell lung cancer , 1983, Cancer.

[48]  J. Hainsworth,et al.  Potential utility of serum neuron-specific enolase levels in small cell carcinoma of the lung. , 1984, Cancer research.

[49]  R. Ruddon,et al.  Multiple sequential biomarkers in monitoring patients with carcinoma of the lung. , 1984, Cancer treatment reports.

[50]  [Evaluation of neuron-specific enolase as a new tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung]. , 1984, Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics.

[51]  R. Makuch,et al.  Elevated serum creatine kinase BB levels in patients with small cell lung cancer. , 1984, Cancer research.

[52]  Cerebrospinal fluid ACTH as a marker of central nervous system metastases from small cell carcinoma of the lung , 1985, Cancer.

[53]  J. Bergh,et al.  Neurone specific enolase: a useful diagnostic serum marker for small cell carcinoma of the lung. , 1985, Thorax.

[54]  P. Sørensen,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin as a marker of central nervous system metastases from small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. , 1985, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[55]  B. Milleron,et al.  Serum neuron-specific enolase. A marker for disease extent and response to therapy for small-cell lung cancer. , 1985, Chest.

[56]  R. Holle,et al.  Prospective multicenter study of hormone markers in small cell lung cancer. , 1985, Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer.

[57]  A. Pedersen,et al.  Creatine kinase BB and beta-2-microglobulin as markers of CNS metastases in patients with small-cell lung cancer. , 1985, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[58]  A. Gazdar,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid bombesin and calcitonin in patients with central nervous system metastases from small-cell lung cancer. , 1986, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.