Electrocatalytic reduction and determination of p-nitrophenol on acetylene black paste electrode coated with salicylaldehyde-modified chitosan

Abstract A novel method has been developed for the determination of p-nitrophenol (p-NP), which was based on the enhanced electrochemical response of p-NP at an acetylene black paste electrode coated with salicylaldehyde-modified chitosan (denoted as S-CHIT/ABPE). In 0.2 mol L−1 HCl solution, p-NP yielded a sensitive reduction peak at −0.348 V. Compared with the poor response at conventional carbon paste electrode, S-CHIT/ABPE remarkably increased the peak current of p-NP. All the experimental conditions, which influence the electrochemical response of p-NP, were studied and the optimum conditions were achieved. Finally, a sensitive and simple voltammetric method with a good linear relationship in the range of 8.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 to 2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 was developed for the determination of p-NP. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was also examined and a low value of 3.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 for 120 s accumulation was obtained. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of p-NP in water samples with good recovery in the range of 96–104%.

[1]  Huajie Zhang,et al.  Voltammetric determination of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) using an acetylene black-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film coated glassy carbon electrode , 2006 .

[2]  G. Norwitz,et al.  Study of the Steam Distillation of Phenolic Compounds Using Ultraviolet Spectrometry , 1986 .

[3]  M. Bakasse,et al.  Electrochemical determination of para-nitrophenol at apatite-modified carbon paste electrode: application in river water samples. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[4]  Shenghui Zhang,et al.  Simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol based on the multi-wall carbon nanotubes Nafion-modified electrode , 2003, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[5]  P. E. Sturrock,et al.  High-performance liquid chromatography of nitrophenols with a swept-potential electrochemical detector , 1984 .

[6]  S. Meinardi,et al.  Determination of toxic nitrophenols in the atmosphere by high-performance liquid chromatography , 1999 .

[7]  Vesa Virtanen,et al.  Electrochemical oxidation of p-nitrophenol using graphene-modified electrodes, and a comparison to the performance of MWNT-based electrodes , 2011 .

[8]  Houyi Ma,et al.  Electrochemical sensor for detection of p-nitrophenol based on nanoporous gold , 2009 .

[9]  D. Sužnjević,et al.  Polarographic and electrochemical studies of some aromatic and heterocyclic nitro compounds, part I: General mechanistic aspects , 1992 .

[10]  Shumei Liu,et al.  Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Zirconium with Complexing Preconcentration of Zirconium(IV) at a Morin-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode , 2003 .

[11]  Wensheng Huang,et al.  Electrochemistry and Determination of 1-Naphthylacetic Acid Using an Acetylene Black Film Modified Electrode , 2008 .

[12]  Dafu Cui,et al.  Voltammetric behavior and determination of estrogens at Nafion-modified glassy carbon electrode in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide , 2002 .

[13]  P. Zuman,et al.  Reaction of electrogenerated arylhydroxylamines and nitrosobenzene in the course of reduction of nitrobenzene under conditions of cyclic voltammetry , 1990 .

[14]  Yaping Ding,et al.  Electrochemical methods for simultaneous determination of dopamine and ascorbic acid using cetylpyridine bromide/chitosan composite film-modified glassy carbon electrode , 2008 .

[15]  E. Laviron,et al.  Adsorption, autoinhibition and autocatalysis in polarography and in linear potential sweep voltammetry , 1974 .

[16]  Yunlei Zhou,et al.  Electrochemical oxidative determination of 4-nitrophenol based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a hydroxyapatite nanopowder , 2010 .

[17]  R. Irons,et al.  A critical review of the literature on nitrobenzene toxicity. , 1982, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[18]  D. Barceló,et al.  Development and optimization of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 4-nitrophenol. Application to the analysis of certified water samples , 1999 .

[19]  J. Fei,et al.  Determination of molybdenum by adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry of molybdenum–alizarin violet complex at an acetylene black paste electrode , 2011 .

[20]  Adriano Bof de Oliveira,et al.  Voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol at a lithium tetracyanoethylenide (LiTCNE) modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2004, Talanta.

[21]  Shengshui Hu,et al.  A highly sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of Sudan I at polyvinylpyrrolidone modified acetylene black paste electrode based on enhancement effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate , 2009 .

[22]  Peihong Deng,et al.  Sensitive voltammetric determination of tryptophan using an acetylene black paste electrode modified with a Schiff's base derivative of chitosan. , 2011, The Analyst.

[23]  J. Fei,et al.  Determination of trace vanadium(V) by adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry on an acetylene black paste electrode in the presence of alizarin violet , 2010 .

[24]  Huajie Zhang.  Electrochemistry and voltammetric determination of colchicine using an acetylene black-dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2006, Bioelectrochemistry.

[25]  D. Cui,et al.  Voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol at a sodium montmorillonite-anthraquinone chemically modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2001, Talanta.

[26]  Xinming Li,et al.  Electrochemical oxidation behavior of nitrite on a chitosan-carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube modified electrode , 2005 .

[27]  Z. Jun,et al.  Carbon paste electrode for trace zirconium(IV) determination by adsorption voltammetry , 2001 .

[28]  Huajie Zhang,et al.  Electrochemical determination of 2-chlorophenol using an acetylene black film modified glassy carbon electrode. , 2006, Water research.

[29]  Kangbing Wu,et al.  Square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb2+ using acetylene black paste electrode based on the inducing adsorption ability of I-. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[30]  Xiaogang Wu,et al.  Studies on Electrochemical Behavior of Bromideat a Chitosan‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode , 2001 .

[31]  Gang Wang,et al.  Amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor with sol-gel/chitosan network-like film as immobilization matrix. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  Huajie Zhang,et al.  Sensitive determination of kojic acid in foodstuffs using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) modified acetylene black paste electrode , 2007 .

[33]  R. Meunier‐Prest,et al.  The reduction mechanism of aromatic nitro compounds in aqueous medium: Part V. The reduction of nitrosobenzene between pH 0.4 and 13 , 1994 .

[34]  M. Segundo,et al.  Flow-through solid-phase reflectometric method for simultaneous multiresidue determination of nitrophenol derivatives. , 2007, Analytica Chimica Acta.

[35]  Qingsheng Wu,et al.  Derivative voltammetric direct simultaneous determination of nitrophenol isomers at a carbon nanotube modified electrode , 2008 .

[36]  M. Ganjali,et al.  A novel high selective and sensitive para-nitrophenol voltammetric sensor, based on a molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon paste electrode. , 2009, Talanta.

[37]  Wei Sun,et al.  Direct electrocatalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol at room temperature ionic liquid modified electrode , 2008 .

[38]  Qiao-Ling Zhao,et al.  Adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry of zirconium(IV)-alizarin red S complex at a carbon paste electrode , 2007 .