A new approach for optimal sizing of battery energy storage system for primary frequency control of islanded Microgrid

Abstract This paper presents a method for determining optimal size of a battery energy storage system (BESS) for primary frequency control of a Microgrid. A Microgrid is assumed to be portion of a low voltage distribution feeder including sources such as microturbine, diesel generator, fuel cell and photovoltaic system with slow response for frequency control. A BESS due to its very fast dynamic response can play an important role in restoring balance between supply and demand. In this paper, overloading capacity of the BESS is employed for fast handling of the primary frequency control of a MG. To achieve this purpose, by considering overloading characteristics and limitations of the state of charge (SOC) of battery, a control scheme of dc/ac converter for the BESS is developed. Based on this scheme, overloading capacity of the BESS and its permissible duration for participating in primary frequency control is determined. Simulation studies are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC software package to evaluate the performance of the proposed control scheme.

[1]  Athula D. Rajapakse,et al.  Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems , 2011 .

[2]  J. Oyarzabal,et al.  Modelling of micro-sources for security studies , 2004 .

[3]  Xu Rong,et al.  A review on distributed energy resources and MicroGrid , 2008 .

[4]  A. Oudalov,et al.  Optimizing a Battery Energy Storage System for Frequency Control Application in an Isolated Power System , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Reza Iravani,et al.  Potential-Function Based Control of a Microgrid in Islanded and Grid-Connected Modes , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[6]  T.C. Green,et al.  Modeling, Analysis and Testing of Autonomous Operation of an Inverter-Based Microgrid , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[7]  Debapriya Das,et al.  Application of battery energy storage system to load frequency control of an isolated power system , 1999 .

[8]  Y. Sasaki,et al.  Balancing control method of a microgrid with intermittent renewable energy generators and small battery storage , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[9]  M. Mohamadian,et al.  Microgrid Dynamic Performance Improvement Using a Doubly Fed Induction Wind Generator , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[10]  C. L. Smallwood,et al.  Distributed generation in autonomous and nonautonomous micro grids , 2002, 2002 Rural Electric Power Conference. Papers Presented at the 46th Annual Conference (Cat. No. 02CH37360).

[11]  Hui Wang,et al.  Advances and trends of energy storage technology in Microgrid , 2013 .

[12]  Jie Xu,et al.  EKF-Ah Based State of Charge Online Estimation for Lithium-ion Power Battery , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security.

[13]  A. Oudalov,et al.  Optimizing a Battery Energy Storage System for Primary Frequency Control , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  M.R. Iravani,et al.  Power Management Strategies for a Microgrid With Multiple Distributed Generation Units , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[15]  David A. J. Rand,et al.  Energy storage — a key technology for global energy sustainability , 2001 .

[16]  Magdy M. A. Salama,et al.  Distributed generation technologies, definitions and benefits , 2004 .

[17]  V.T. Sulzberger,et al.  The potential for application of energy storage capacity on electric utility systems in the United States-part I , 1976, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[18]  Jan T. Bialasiewicz,et al.  Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  Nikos D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Centralized Control for Optimizing Microgrids Operation , 2008 .

[20]  A. Oudalov,et al.  Value Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Applications in Power Systems , 2006, 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition.

[21]  Kevin Tomsovic,et al.  Development of models for analyzing the load-following performance of microturbines and fuel cells , 2002 .

[22]  Ki-Chul Seong,et al.  Operating Characteristic Analysis of HTS SMES for Frequency Stabilization of Dispersed Power Generation System , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[23]  C.-C. Liu,et al.  Dynamic modelling of battery energy storage system and application to power system stability , 1995 .

[24]  Hak-Man Kim,et al.  Cooperative Control Strategy of Energy Storage System and Microsources for Stabilizing the Microgrid during Islanded Operation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[25]  Dino Zardi,et al.  Experimental solar radiation measurements and their effectiveness in setting up a real-sky irradiance model , 2011 .

[26]  Haritza Camblong,et al.  Survey on microgrids: Unplanned islanding and related inverter control techniques , 2011 .

[27]  N.D. Hatziargyriou,et al.  Distributed energy sources: technical challenges , 2002, 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37309).

[28]  Li Wu,et al.  Control strategy of battery state of charge for wind/battery hybrid power system , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.