The Study of Effective Work Function Modulation by As Ion Implantation in TiN/TaN/HfO2 Stacks

The impact on the metal gate effective work function (EWF) of As ion implantation through TiN/TaN/HfO2 gate stack was investigated. An As implantation at 20 KeV reduces the flat-band voltage (VFB) for TiN/TaN/HfO2 capacitors (or equivalently reduces the EWF) by a maximum of 600 mV at a dose of 5×1015 cm-2. This VFB reduction is correlated to the As pile-up at the TaN–HfO2 interface, as evidenced by a secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) study. The As ion accumulation at the interface of the gate electrode–dielectric interface is suggested to induce an interface dipole, contributing to the observed phenomena.