Acoustic Emission of Deformation Twinning in Magnesium

The Acoustic Emission of deformation twinning in Magnesium is investigated in this article. Single crystal testing with combined full field deformation measurements, as well as polycrystalline testing inside the scanning electron microscope with simultaneous monitoring of texture evolution and twin nucleation were compared to testing at the laboratory scale with respect to recordings of Acoustic Emission activity. Single crystal testing revealed the formation of layered twin boundaries in areas of strain localization which was accompanied by distinct changes in the acoustic data. Testing inside the microscope directly showed twin nucleation, proliferation and growth as well as associated crystallographic reorientations. A post processing approach of the Acoustic Emission activity revealed the existence of a class of signals that appears in a strain range in which twinning is profuse, as validated by the in situ and ex situ microscopy observations. Features extracted from such activity were cross-correlated both with the available mechanical and microscopy data, as well as with the Acoustic Emission activity recorded at the laboratory scale for similarly prepared specimens. The overall approach demonstrates that the method of Acoustic Emission could provide real time volumetric information related to the activation of deformation twinning in Magnesium alloys, in spite of the complexity of the propagation phenomena, the possible activation of several deformation modes and the challenges posed by the sensing approach itself when applied in this type of materials evaluation approach.

[1]  C. Davies,et al.  Deformation and texture evolution in AZ31 magnesium alloy during uniaxial loading , 2006 .

[2]  D. Hull,et al.  Introduction to Dislocations , 1968 .

[3]  P. Lukáč,et al.  Acoustic emission study on the activity of slip and twin mechanisms during compression testing of magnesium single crystals , 2016 .

[4]  S. Kalidindi,et al.  Role of Deformation Twinning on Strain Hardening in Cubic and Hexagonal Polycrystalline Metals , 2003 .

[5]  M. Barnett,et al.  Non-Schmid behaviour during secondary twinning in a polycrystalline magnesium alloy , 2008 .

[6]  S. Horibe,et al.  Analysis of fatigue damage process in magnesium alloy AZ31 , 2009 .

[7]  Yanyao Jiang,et al.  Cyclic deformation and fatigue damage in single-crystal magnesium under fully reversed strain-controlled tension–compression in the [1 0 1¯ 0] direction , 2015 .

[8]  Hong-Keun Chang.  Identification of damage mode in AZ31 magnesium alloy under tension using acoustic emission , 2015 .

[9]  Julius T. Tou,et al.  Dynoc—A dynamic optimal cluster-seeking technique , 1979, International Journal of Computer & Information Sciences.

[10]  M. Enoki,et al.  Twinning behavior of pure magnesium quantitatively investigated by acoustic emission , 2012 .

[11]  H. Zbib,et al.  Microstructure-sensitive investigation of magnesium alloy fatigue , 2015 .

[12]  M. Janeček,et al.  Investigating deformation processes in AM60 magnesium alloy using the acoustic emission technique , 2006 .

[13]  D. Ando,et al.  Relationship between deformation twinning and surface step formation in AZ31 magnesium alloys , 2010 .

[14]  P. Minárik,et al.  Investigating a twinning–detwinning process in wrought Mg alloys by the acoustic emission technique , 2016 .

[15]  P. A. Vanniamparambil,et al.  In Situ Microscopic Investigation to Validate Acoustic Emission Monitoring , 2015 .

[16]  Antonios Kontsos,et al.  Three-dimensional effects of twinning in magnesium alloys , 2015 .

[17]  S. Hashimoto,et al.  Effect of grain boundary on acoustic emission during plastic deformation of copper-aluminum bicrystals , 1996 .

[18]  P. Lukáč,et al.  Acoustic emission during tensile testing of magnesium AZ alloys , 2004 .

[19]  D. Molodov,et al.  On the diversity of the plastic response of magnesium in plane strain compression , 2016 .

[20]  K. Prasad,et al.  In-situ observations and quantification of twin boundary mobility in polycrystalline magnesium , 2014 .

[21]  J. Čapek,et al.  Investigation of tension-compression asymmetry of magnesium by use of the acoustic emission technique , 2011 .

[22]  G. Gottstein,et al.  On the role of anomalous twinning in the plasticity of magnesium , 2016 .

[23]  A. Weidner,et al.  Kinetics of deformation processes in high-alloyed cast transformation-induced plasticity/twinning-induced plasticity steels determined by acoustic emission and scanning electron microscopy: Influence of austenite stability on deformation mechanisms , 2013 .

[24]  A. Weidner,et al.  Deformation mechanisms in austenitic TRIP/TWIP steels at room and elevated temperature investigated by acoustic emission and scanning electron microscopy , 2014 .

[25]  K. Oh,et al.  Nanoindentation study for deformation twinning of magnesium single crystal , 2013 .

[26]  S. Suwas,et al.  Softening and dynamic recrystallization in magnesium single crystals during c-axis compression , 2012 .

[27]  Bjørn Clausen,et al.  Study of the loading mode dependence of the twinning in random textured cast magnesium by acoustic emission and neutron diffraction methods , 2014 .

[28]  C. Tomé,et al.  Anisotropy in hexagonal close-packed structures: improvements to crystal plasticity approaches applied to magnesium alloy , 2013 .

[29]  Y. Estrin,et al.  Effect of grain size on the mechanisms of plastic deformation in wrought Mg-Zn-Zr alloy revealed by acoustic emission measurements , 2013 .

[30]  K. Shin,et al.  $$\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$$ twinning behavior in magnesium single crystal , 2013 .

[31]  M. Yoo.  Slip, twinning, and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals , 1981 .

[32]  Theodoros Loutas,et al.  On the characterization of continuous fibres fracture by quantifying acoustic emission and acousto-ultrasonics waveforms , 2004 .

[33]  M. Barnett.  Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys Part I: “Tension” twins , 2007 .

[34]  G. Gottstein,et al.  Mechanisms of exceptional ductility of magnesium single crystal during deformation at room temperature: Multiple twinning and dynamic recrystallization , 2014 .

[35]  F. Taheri,et al.  Effect of texture on acoustic emission produced by slip and twinning in AZ31B magnesium alloy—part II: clustering and neural network analysis , 2008 .

[36]  Prashanth A. Vanniamparambil,et al.  In situ identification of twin-related bands near yielding in a magnesium alloy , 2013 .

[37]  Elijah Kannatey-Asibu,et al.  Acoustic emission from plastic deformation of a pure single crystal , 1992 .

[38]  K. T. Ramesh,et al.  Microcompression of single-crystal magnesium , 2010 .

[39]  A. Kontsos,et al.  The effect of strontium in plasticity of magnesium alloys , 2013 .

[40]  C. C. Aydiner,et al.  Multiscale deformation heterogeneity in twinning magnesium investigated with in situ image correlation , 2014 .

[41]  Surya R. Kalidindi,et al.  Deformation twinning in AZ31: Influence on strain hardening and texture evolution , 2010 .

[42]  R. H. Wagoner,et al.  Hardening evolution of AZ31B Mg sheet , 2007 .

[43]  Prashanth A. Vanniamparambil,et al.  Identification of Crack Initiation in Aluminum Alloys using Acoustic Emission , 2015 .

[44]  S. Yoda,et al.  Acoustic emission for polycrystalline graphite under compressive loading , 1990 .

[45]  Alessandro Vespignani,et al.  Intermittent dislocation flow in viscoplastic deformation , 2001, Nature.

[46]  P. Liaw,et al.  Internal stress relaxation and load redistribution during the twinning–detwinning-dominated cyclic deformation of a wrought magnesium alloy, ZK60A , 2008 .

[47]  Baldev Raj,et al.  Acoustic emission technique for detecting micro- and macroyielding in solution-annealed AISI Type 316 austenitic stainless steel , 1995 .

[48]  M. Barnett,et al.  Investigation of deformation twinning in a fine-grained and coarse-grained ZM20 mg alloy : combined in situ neutron diffraction and acoustic emission , 2010 .

[49]  Theodoros Loutas,et al.  On the identification of the failure mechanisms in oxide/oxide composites using acoustic emission , 2003 .

[50]  P. Lukáč,et al.  The Effect of Grain Size on the Deformation Behaviour of Magnesium Alloys Investigated by the Acoustic Emission Technique , 2006 .

[51]  Marisol Koslowski,et al.  Avalanches and scaling in plastic deformation. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[52]  H. Wenk,et al.  The effects of texture and extension twinning on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of a rolled magnesium alloy, AZ31B , 2010 .

[53]  A. Kontsos,et al.  Nanocrystalline Mg–MAX composites: Mechanical behavior characterization via acoustic emission monitoring , 2011 .

[54]  M. Cherkaoui,et al.  Flow asymmetry and nucleation stresses of {101¯2} twinning and non-basal slip in magnesium , 2013 .

[55]  M. Hermans,et al.  Kinetics of the martensitic transformation in low-alloy steel studied by means of acoustic emission , 2003 .

[56]  Y. Yoshida,et al.  Acoustic emission response of magnesium alloy during cyclic and creep tests , 2016 .

[57]  P. Uggowitzer,et al.  Mechanical anisotropy of extruded Mg-6% Al-1% Zn alloy , 2004 .

[58]  V. Patlan,et al.  Effect of solid solution hardening and stacking fault energy on plastic flow and acoustic emission in Cu-Ge alloys , 2003 .

[59]  Y. Estrin,et al.  Cyclic deformation of a magnesium alloy investigated by the acoustic emission technique , 2004 .

[60]  M. Barnett,et al.  Yield point elongation due to twinning in a magnesium alloy , 2012 .

[61]  J. Weiss,et al.  On the critical character of plasticity in metallic single crystals , 2005, cond-mat/0512301.

[62]  Mohammed Cherkaoui,et al.  The effect of twin–twin interactions on the nucleation and propagation of {101¯2} twinning in magnesium , 2013 .

[63]  P. Lukáč,et al.  Deformation mechanisms in an AZ31 cast magnesium alloy as investigated by the acoustic emission technique , 2007 .

[64]  I. Beyerlein,et al.  Double twinning mechanisms in magnesium alloys via dissociation of lattice dislocations , 2012, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[65]  Y. Estrin,et al.  Deformation mechanisms underlying tension-compression asymmetry in magnesium alloy ZK60 revealed by acoustic emission monitoring , 2015 .

[66]  P. Lukáč,et al.  On the influence of the grain size and solute content on the AE response of magnesium alloys tested in tension and compression , 2007 .