LEVELS OF DETAIL IN 3 D BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM LIDAR DATA

3D models of buildings are useful for many applications such as urban planning and environmental simulation, cartography, tourism and mobile navigation. Automatically generating building models in the form of 3D CAD representation is the major part of city modeling and a challenge for many researchers. Airborne laser-scanning (ALS) results into high-quality geometrical information about the landscape. It is suitable for the reconstruction of 3D objects like buildings because of its high density and geometrical accuracy. In this paper a novel approach is proposed for automatically generating 3D building models based on definition of Levels of Detail (LOD) in the CityGML standard. Three levels of detail are considered in this paper. In the first LOD (LOD0), the Digital Terrain Model extracted from LIDAR data is represented. For this purpose the Digital Surface Model is filtered using geodesic morphology. A prismatic model containing the major walls of the building is generated to form the LOD1. The building outlines are detected by classification of non-ground objects and the building outlines are approximated by two approaches; hierarchical fitting of Minimum Boundary rectangles (MBR) and RANSAC based straight line fitting algorithm. LOD2 is formed by including the roof structures into the model. For this purpose, a model driven approach based on the analysis of the 3D points in a 2D projection plane is proposed. A building region is divided into smaller parts according to the direction and the number of ridge lines, which are extracted using geodesic morphology. The 3D model is derived for each building part. Finally, a complete building model is formed by merging the 3D models of the building parts and adjusting the nodes after the merging process.

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