In recent years, $$\hbox {optical character recognition (OCR)}$$ optical character recognition (OCR) systems have been used to digitally preserve historical archives. To transcribe historical archives into a machine-readable form, first, the documents are scanned, then an $$\hbox {OCR}$$ OCR is applied. In order to digitize documents without the need to remove them from where they are archived, it is valuable to have a portable device that combines scanning and $$\hbox {OCR}$$ OCR capabilities. Nowadays, there exist many commercial and open-source document digitization techniques, which are optimized for contemporary documents. However, they fail to give sufficient text recognition accuracy for transcribing historical documents due to the severe quality degradation of such documents. On the contrary, the anyOCR system, which is designed to mainly digitize historical documents, provides high accuracy. However, this comes at a cost of high computational complexity resulting in long runtime and high power consumption. To tackle these challenges, we propose a low power energy-efficient accelerator with real-time capabilities called iDocChip, which is a configurable hybrid hardware-software programmable $$\hbox {System-on-Chip (SoC)}$$ System-on-Chip (SoC) based on anyOCR for digitizing historical documents. In this paper, we focus on one of the most crucial processing steps in the anyOCR system: Text and Image Segmentation , which makes use of a multi-resolution morphology-based algorithm. Moreover, an optimized $$\hbox {FPGA}$$ FPGA -based hybrid architecture of this anyOCR step along with its optimized software implementations are presented. We demonstrate our results on multiple embedded and general-purpose platforms with respect to runtime and power consumption. The resulting hardware accelerator outperforms the existing anyOCR by 6.2 $$\times$$ × , while achieving 207 $$\times$$ × higher energy-efficiency and maintaining its high accuracy.
[1]
Yu Wang,et al.
Angel-Eye: A Complete Design Flow for Mapping CNN Onto Embedded FPGA
,
2018,
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems.
[2]
Satoshi Miyazaki,et al.
High-speed X-ray imaging spectroscopy system with Zynq SoC for solar observations
,
2017,
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
[3]
Adesh Kumar,et al.
Design and FPGA Implementation of DWT, Image Text Extraction Technique
,
2015
.
[4]
Xiang Bai,et al.
Text/non-text image classification in the wild with convolutional neural networks
,
2017,
Pattern Recognit..
[5]
Adnan Khashman,et al.
Document segmentation using textural features summarization and feedforward neural network
,
2015,
Applied Intelligence.
[6]
Óscar Mata-Carballeira,et al.
An FPGA-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Sensor for Personalized Driving Assistance
,
2019,
Sensors.
[7]
Ram Sarkar,et al.
Text-line extraction from handwritten document images using GAN
,
2020,
Expert Syst. Appl..
[8]
Sébastien Eskenazi,et al.
A comprehensive survey of mostly textual document segmentation algorithms since 2008
,
2017,
Pattern Recognit..