Comparison between electrical and optical interconnects

One attractive feature of optics is its ability to communicate large amounts of information in parallel. Another, already commonly used, advantage of optical interconnects is to provide high data flow rate in communication. The latter superiority has already allowed optical fibers to enter the two first stages of the usual five stage communication hierarchy in computers: module to module, i.e. between processors located some distance, typically at least meters and up to many kilometers between each other; backplane to backplane, i.e. between cabinets forming together a single machine; board to board, i.e. between boards inside a given cabinet, each board being conventionally accessed through a backplane connector; chip to chip, i.e. inside a board; gate to gate inside a chip, which is the last stage of the classification. The three last stages are schematically depicted in Fig. 16.1.

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