A bead-based suspension array for the serological detection of Trichinella in pigs.

The feasibility of using bead-based suspension arrays to detect serological evidence of Trichinella in pigs was assessed. Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigen was covalently coupled to paramagnetic beads and used to bind serum antibodies, which were subsequently detected using anti-swine antibody. The assay was evaluated by testing pig sera from farms where trichinellosis was endemic and comparing the results with those obtained using two commercially available ELISAs. With cut-offs established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, digestion-negative sera from a Trichinella-free population of pigs were deemed seronegative. When anti-swine antibody was replaced with protein A/G, higher test sensitivity (94% vs. 88%) at similar test specificity (95%), was achieved. The potential use of this assay in species other than swine was also demonstrated by testing human sera.

[1]  P. Teunis,et al.  Evaluation of serological test for Trichinella infections in pigs , 2007 .

[2]  H. Sentsui,et al.  Use of Protein AG in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening for Antibodies against Parapoxvirus in Wild Animals in Japan , 1999, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

[3]  M. Pawlita,et al.  Prevalence and stability of antibodies to the BK and JC polyomaviruses: a long-term longitudinal study of Australians. , 2010, The Journal of general virology.

[4]  P. Luciw,et al.  Multiplexed microbead immunoassays by flow cytometry for molecular profiling: Basic concepts and proteomics applications , 2009, Critical reviews in biotechnology.

[5]  K. Takumi,et al.  Antibody response against Trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected rats is dose dependent , 2011, Veterinary research.

[6]  D. Despommier,et al.  Clinical aspects of infection with Trichinella spp , 1996, Clinical microbiology reviews.

[7]  A. Branscum,et al.  Development of a Fluorescent-Microsphere Immunoassay for Detection of Antibodies Specific to Equine Arteritis Virus and Comparison with the Virus Neutralization Test , 2007, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[8]  K. Reiterová,et al.  Trichinella spiralis-Outbreak in the Slovak Republic , 2007, Infection.

[9]  M. Pawlita,et al.  The seroprevalence of human papillomavirus by immune status and by ethnicity in London , 2009, Infectious Agents and Cancer.

[10]  H. Gamble,et al.  Evaluation of excretory-secretory antigens for the serodiagnosis of swine trichinellosis. , 1988, Veterinary parasitology.

[11]  K. Jansen,et al.  Optimization and Validation of a Multiplexed Luminex Assay To Quantify Antibodies to Neutralizing Epitopes on Human Papillomaviruses 6, 11, 16, and 18 , 2005, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

[12]  E. Pozio.  The broad spectrum of Trichinella hosts: from cold- to warm-blooded animals. , 2005, Veterinary parasitology.

[13]  B. Collignon,et al.  Simultaneous detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease non-structural proteins 3ABC, 3D, 3A and 3B by a multiplexed Luminex assay to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle. , 2006, Vaccine.

[14]  Dongling Zhang,et al.  Use of Protein AG in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Four Species of Animals , 2010, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[15]  E. Pozio,et al.  Detection of Trichinella infection in food animals. , 2000, Veterinary parasitology.

[16]  A. Sulzer.  Indirect fluorescent antibody tests for parasitic diseases. I. Preparation of a stable antigen from larvae of Trichinella spiralis. , 1965, The Journal of parasitology.

[17]  P. Teunis,et al.  Usefulness of sero-surveillance for Trichinella infections in animal populations. , 2009, Veterinary parasitology.

[18]  F. J. van der Wal,et al.  Bead-based suspension array for simultaneous detection of antibodies against the Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid and Gn glycoprotein. , 2012, Journal of virological methods.

[19]  Andrew Mackinnon,et al.  A spreadsheet for the calculation of comprehensive statistics for the assessment of diagnostic tests and inter-rater agreement , 2000, Comput. Biol. Medicine.

[20]  H. Gamble,et al.  Diagnosis of swine trichinosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an excretory--secretory antigen. , 1983, Veterinary parasitology.

[21]  Tine Hald,et al.  Salmonella Control Programs in Denmark , 2003, Emerging infectious diseases.

[22]  Karsten Nöckler,et al.  Trichinella diagnostics and control: mandatory and best practices for ensuring food safety. , 2009, Veterinary parasitology.

[23]  A J C Cook,et al.  Towards a standardised surveillance for Trichinella in the European Union. , 2011, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[24]  F. Ubeira,et al.  Evaluation of Trichinella spiralis Larva Group 1 Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Human Trichinellosis , 2004, Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[25]  E. Pozio,et al.  Systematics and epidemiology of trichinella. , 2006, Advances in parasitology.

[26]  P. Teunis,et al.  Diagnostic test evaluation for Trichinella infections in pigs: a renewed interaction between diagnostic test data and their statistical analysis , 2006 .

[27]  B. Lupiani,et al.  A multiplexed immunoassay for detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus. , 2009, Journal of immunological methods.

[28]  G. Berbers,et al.  Development and validation of a multiplex immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of serum antibodies to Bordetella pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. , 2008, Journal of immunological methods.

[29]  P. Wakeley,et al.  Development and evaluation of a Luminex multiplex serology assay to detect antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, with comparison to existing ELISA detection methods. , 2011, Journal of immunological methods.

[30]  J. Dupouy-Camet.  Trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis. , 2000, Veterinary parasitology.

[31]  E. Pozio,et al.  Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control of Trichinellosis , 2009, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[32]  K. Nöckler,et al.  [Diagnosis of trichinellosis in living pigs using indirect ELISA]. , 1995, Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift.