Echolocation in air: Biological systems, technical challenges, and transducer design

Abstract Echolocation systems used by bats may be used by engineers wishing to emulate the performance of these biological systems. Comparisons are made between biosonar systems based on water and air, the signal structures used by animals echolocating in air, and the limits on resolution. The current thinking in how biological systems operate are discussed, as are the engineering challenges of replicating the performance levels demonstrated by echolocating animals.

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