Numerical modeling of gas deposition and bi- directional surface-atmosphere exchanges in mesoscale air pollution systems

Accurate representation of surface processes such as vegetation has a significant role in air pollution models. In a variety of situations, the surface acts as a sink for the pollutants. Using pristine relations developed on fluid mechanical concepts, different formulations are discussed in this chapter to develop deposition flux estimates in air pollution models. An interesting scenario also develops when the soil and vegetation, in particular, acts as a source, in addition to being a sink for the gaseous material. Hence as a generalized framework in air pollution systems, the ability of the surface to generate bi-directional fluxes needs to be represented. Accordingly, different modeling techniques are presented ranging from regression equations, to modifications in the resistance pathways, and detailed eco-physiological leaf scaling approach. Finally, of particular relevance to mesoscale applications is the area averaging and regional mapping of the bi-directional fluxes. Accordingly different methods based on combination of surface measurements, remote sensing and model parameterizations are discussed.

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