Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice

Catherine Boone examines political regionalism in Africa and how it affects forms of government, and prospects for democracy and development. Boone's study is set within the context of larger theories of political development in agrarian societies. It features a series of compelling case studies that focus on regions within Senegal, Ghana, and Cote d'Ivoire and ranges from 1930 to the present. The book will be of interest to readers concerned with comparative politics, Africa, development, regionalism and federalism, and ethnic politics. Multi-country study of politics and political development in Africa. Book places African political development in the mainstream of studies of state-formation in agrarian studies. Study combines macrosociology with choice-theoretic perspectives in Political Science.

[1]  W. Munro,et al.  The Moral Economy of the State: Conservation, Community Development and State Making in Zimbabwe , 1998 .

[2]  P. Laurent,et al.  Les Dimensions Socio‑Économiques du Développement Local en Afrique au Sud du Sahara : Quelles Stratégies pour quels Acteurs ? , 1998 .

[3]  J. Barker.  Gaps in the debates about agriculture in Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique , 1985 .

[4]  B. Geddes.  Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America , 1994 .

[5]  The Dynamic Nature of Citizenship and Participation: Lessons from Three Rural Senegalese Case Studies , 1999 .

[6]  L. Villalón.  DEMOCRATIZING A (QUASI) DEMOCRACY: THE SENEGALESE ELECTIONS OF 1993 , 1994 .

[7]  Polly Hill.  Landlords and Brokers : A West African Trading System , 2012 .

[8]  T. Byres,et al.  From Peasant Studies to Agrarian Change , 2001 .

[9]  W. Munro.  The Political Consequences of Local Electoral Systems: Democratic Change and the Politics of Differential Citizenship in South Africa , 2001 .

[10]  M. Watts,et al.  Crisis and Change in African Agriculture: A Comparative Study of the Ivory Coast and Nigeria , 1985, African Studies Review.

[11]  J. Guyer.  Representation Without Taxation: an Essay on Democracy in Rural Nigeria, 1952-1990 , 1992, African Studies Review.

[12]  M. Magala,et al.  Democratic reform, transition and consolidation: evidence from Senegal's 2000 presidential election , 2001, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[13]  Martin Klein.  Social and Economic Factors in the Muslim Revolution in Senegambia , 1972, The Journal of African History.

[14]  J. M. Toungara.  Francophone Africa in Flux: Ethnicity and Political Crisis in Cote d'Ivoire , 2001 .

[15]  James D. Fearon,et al.  Explaining Interethnic Cooperation , 1996, American Political Science Review.

[16]  M. Crowder,et al.  West African chiefs : their changing status under colonial rule and independence , 1970 .

[17]  Frank Furedi,et al.  The Mau Mau War in Perspective , 1989 .

[18]  D. Woods.  The politics of organising the countryside: rural cooperatives in Côte d'Ivoire , 1999, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[19]  Todd Sandler,et al.  Economic Concepts for the Social Sciences: Contents , 2001 .

[20]  D. Chappell.  The Nation as Frontier : Ethnicity and Clientelism in Ivorian History , 1989 .

[21]  L. D. Schiller.  Unhappy Valley. Conflict in Kenya and Africa. Book One: State and Class. Book Two: Violence and Ethnicity@@@Kikuyu Women, the Mau Mau Rebellion, and Social Change in Kenya@@@The Rise of a Party State in Kenya: From "Harambee" to "Nyayo!" , 1995, African Studies Review.

[22]  J. Manor,et al.  Democracy and Decentralisation in South Asia and West Africa: Participation, Accountability and Performance , 1998 .

[23]  H. Werlin.  The Roots of Corruption–the Ghanaian Enquiry , 1972, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[24]  R. Hinde,et al.  Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action Collective Action , 2010 .

[25]  J. Fox.  The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons from Mexico , 1994, World Politics.

[26]  J. Manor,et al.  Democratic decentralisation and institutional performance: Four Asian and African experiences compared , 1995 .

[27]  G. Austin.  National poverty and the ‘vampire state’ in Ghana: A review article , 1996 .

[28]  V. Lemieux.  L'analyse politique de la décentralisation , 1996, Canadian Journal of Political Science.

[29]  William F. S. Miles.  Partitioned Royalty: the Evolution of Hausa Chiefs in Nigeria and Niger , 1987, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[30]  Arun Agrawal,et al.  Accountability in decentralization: A framework with South Asian and West African cases , 1999 .

[31]  J. Goody.  Rice‐burning and the green revolution in northern Ghana , 1980 .

[32]  A. Varshney.  Introduction: urban bias in perspective , 1993 .

[33]  Nicolas van de Walle.  African Economies and the Politics of Permanent Crisis, 1979–1999 , 2001 .

[34]  Communities of Grain: Rural Rebellion in Comparative Perspective , 1991 .

[35]  Eddy Lee.  Export-led rural development: the Ivory Coast. , 1980 .

[36]  J. Guyer.  Household and Community in African Studies , 1981, African Studies Review.

[37]  Catherine Boone.  State Building in the African Countryside: Structure and Politics at the Grassroots , 1998 .

[38]  M. Molchanov,et al.  Subversive Institutions: The Design and the Destruction of Socialism and the State , 1999 .

[39]  G. Williams,et al.  The World Bank and the Peasant Problem , 1981 .

[40]  M. Abrahamson,et al.  Principles of Group Solidarity. , 1988 .

[41]  P. Mark,et al.  Ritual and masking traditions in Jola men's initiation , 1998 .

[42]  A. Adams.  Le long voyage des gens du fleuve , 1977 .

[43]  Y. Diallo.  Les Peuls, les Sénoufo et l'État au nord de la Côte d'Ivoire. Problèmes fonciers et gestion du pastoralisme. , 1995 .

[44]  M. Mamdani.  Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism , 1997 .

[45]  N. Lawler.  Reform and repression under the Free French: economic and political transformation in the Côte d'Ivoire, 1942–45 , 1990, Africa.

[46]  Georgio Blundo.  Les courtiers du développement en milieu rural sénégalais , 1995 .

[47]  R. Luckham.  Imperialism, Law and Structural Dependence: The Ghana Legal Profession , 1978 .

[48]  P. Geschiere.  Chiefs and colonial rule in Cameroon: inventing chieftaincy, French and British Style , 1993, Africa.

[49]  Barry R. Weingast.  The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development , 1995 .

[50]  H. Deschamps.  Et Maintenant, Lord Lugard? , 1963, Africa.

[51]  R. Rathbone.  Businessmen in politics: Party struggle in Ghana,’ 1949–57 , 1973 .

[52]  J. Ribot.  Decentralisation, participation and accountability in Sahelian forestry: legal instruments of political-administrative control , 1998, Africa.

[53]  Kathryn Firmin-Sellers.  Institutions, Context, and Outcomes: Explaining French and British Rule in West Africa , 2000 .

[54]  William Reno.  Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone , 1995 .

[55]  Democracy and realism: reflections on the case of Cote d'Ivoire , 1993, Africa.

[56]  B. Beckman.  Organising the farmers: Cocoa politics and national development in Ghana , 1976 .

[57]  S. Amin,et al.  Neo-Colonialism in West Africa , 1973 .

[58]  Jonas Pontusson.  From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy , 1995 .

[59]  H. Deschamps.  Rulers of Empire: The French Colonial Service in Africa. By William B. Cohen. Stanford University, California: Hoover Institution Press, 1971. Pp. xv + 279, bibl. $18. , 1972, Africa.

[60]  Jean Ensminger,et al.  the political economy of changing property rights: dismantling a pastoral commons , 1991 .

[61]  Susie Jacobs.  Women and land resettlement in Zimbabwe , 1983 .

[62]  C. Meillassoux.  The social organisation of the peasantry: The economic basis of Kinship , 1973 .

[63]  R. Bates.  Capital, Kinship and Conflict: The Structuring Influence of Capital in Kinship Societies , 1990 .

[64]  J. M. Due.  Agricultural Development in the Ivory Coast and Ghana , 1969, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[65]  J. Loxley,et al.  Black Africa 1945-1980: Economic Decolonisation and Arrested Development , 1986 .

[66]  T. Skocpol,et al.  States and social revolutions : a comparative analysis of France, Russia, and China , 1979 .

[67]  K. Marx.  The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte , 1852 .

[68]  Jean Ensminger.  Making a market : the institutional transformation of an African society , 1994 .

[69]  E. E. Schattschneider.  The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America , 1960 .

[70]  P. Nugent.  Living in the past: urban, rural and ethnic themes in the 1992 and 1996 elections in Ghana , 1999, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[71]  Catherine Boone.  State power and social forces: States and ruling classes in postcolonial Africa: the enduring contradictions of power , 1994 .

[72]  P. Pélissier.  Les interactions rurales ‑ urbaines en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale , 2000 .

[73]  R. Snyder.  Scaling Down: The Subnational Comparative Method , 2001 .

[74]  H. F. Alderfer.  Local government in developing countries , 1964 .

[75]  I. Markovitz.  Political parties in French West Africa. , 1959 .

[76]  Internal unit demarcation and national identity: India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka , 1999 .

[77]  Gwendolyn Mikell.  Peasant Politicisation and Economic Recuperation in Ghana: Local and National Dilemmas , 1989, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[78]  J. Béthemont.  Acteurs et stratégies de l'eau dans la vallée du Sénégal , 1986 .

[79]  U. Lele.  Cotton in Africa: An Analysis of Differences in Performance , 1990 .

[80]  M. Staniland.  The Rhetoric of Centre–Periphery Relations , 1970, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[81]  Robert H. Bates,et al.  Contra Contractarianism: Some Reflections on the New Institutionalism , 1988 .

[82]  J. Ihonvbere.  On the Threshold of Another False Start? , 1996, Democracy and Democratization in Africa.

[83]  A. Stinchcombe.  Agricultural Enterprise and Rural Class Relations , 1961, American Journal of Sociology.

[84]  M. Gbetibouo.  Lessons And Constraints Of Export Crop -Led Growth : Cocoa In Ivory Coast , 1984 .

[85]  M. Chege.  VI. Between Africa's Extremes , 1995 .

[86]  E. Nieuwaal.  Chiefs and African States: some introductory notes and an extensive bibliography on African chieftaincy , 1987 .

[87]  H. Schiffer.  Local Administration and National Development: Fragmentation and Centralization in Ghana , 1970 .

[88]  L. Binder.  In a Moment of Enthusiasm: Political Power and the Second Stratum in Egypt , 1978 .

[89]  G. Austin.  Capitalists and Chiefs in the Cocoa Hold-Ups in South Asante,1927-1938 , 1988 .

[90]  J. Knight.  Institutions and Social Conflict , 1992 .

[91]  R. Hecht.  Immigration, land transfer and tenure changes in Divo, Ivory Coast, 1940–80 , 1985, Africa.

[92]  J. Lonsdale.  Some Origins of Nationalism in East Africa , 1968, The Journal of African History.

[93]  J. Richard,et al.  Une « périphérie recentrée » : à propos d'un système local d'économie de plantation en Côte d'Ivoire. , 1977 .

[94]  David Forgacs,et al.  The Gramsci reader : selected writings, 1916-1935 , 1988 .

[95]  E. Gibson.  The Populist Road to Market Reform: Policy and Electoral Coalitions in Mexico and Argentina , 1997, World Politics.

[96]  E. Willis,et al.  The Politics of Decentralization in Latin America , 1999, Latin American Research Review.

[97]  I. Markovitz.  Traditional Social Structure, the Islamic Brotherhoods, and Political Development in Senegal , 1970, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[98]  J. Barkan,et al.  Decentralising the State: District Focus and the Politics of Reallocation in Kenya , 1989, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[99]  C. Ake.  The unique case of African democracy , 1993 .

[100]  R. Lemarchand.  Political Clientelism and Ethnicity in Tropical Africa: Competing Solidarities in Nation-Building , 1972, American Political Science Review.

[101]  J. Suret-Canale.  Afrique noire, l'ère coloniale 1900-1945 , 1962 .

[102]  D. Woods.  Ethno-Regional Demands, Symbolic and Redistributive Politics: Sugar Complexes in the North of the Ivory Coast , 1989 .

[103]  D. C. O'Brien.  Des bienfaits de l'inegalité: l'Etat et l'économie rurale au Sénégal , 1984 .

[104]  D. Treisman.  After the Deluge: Regional Crises and Political Consolidation in Russia , 1999 .

[105]  C. Laurent,et al.  La Moyenne vallée du Sénégal : étude socio-économique , 1962 .

[106]  D. Woods.  Elites, ethnicity, and ‘home town’ associations in the Côte d'Ivoire: an historical analysis of state–society links , 1994, Africa.

[107]  S. Berry.  Debating the Land Question in Africa , 2002, Comparative Studies in Society and History.

[108]  R. Price.  Neo-Colonialism and Ghana's Economic Decline: A Critical Assessment , 1984 .

[109]  L. Beck.  Senegal’s “Patrimonial Democrats”: Incremental Reform and the Obstacles to the Consolidation of Democracy , 1997 .

[110]  I. Wallerstein.  The road to independence : Ghana and the Ivory Coast , 1967 .

[111]  R. Bates.  Prosperity and Violence: The Political Economy of Development , 2001 .

[112]  Sara Berry,et al.  No Condition Is Permanent: The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa , 1993 .

[113]  Ruth First,et al.  Power in Africa , 1970 .

[114]  Commerce and Coalitions: How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments , 1991 .

[115]  M. Haswell,et al.  Ivory Coast: The Challenge of Success , 1979 .

[116]  Edgar Kiser,et al.  The Revival of Narrative in Historical Sociology: What Rational Choice Theory can Contribute , 1996 .

[117]  William J. Foltz.  Social Structure and Political Behavior of Senegalese Elites , 1969 .

[118]  J. Tendler.  Good government in the tropics , 1997 .

[119]  Charles Tilly,et al.  The Formation of National States in Western Europe , 1976 .

[120]  William F. S. Miles.  Hausaland Divided: Colonialism and Independence in Nigeria and Niger , 1995 .

[121]  P. L. Meur.  Décentralisation par le Bas et Participation Clientéliste au Bénin , 1998 .

[122]  Perry Anderson,et al.  Lineages of the Absolutist State , 1974 .

[123]  S. Huntington.  Political Order in Changing Societies , 1969 .

[124]  James C. Scott,et al.  Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed , 1999 .

[125]  Catherine Boone.  Rural Interests and the Making of Modern African States , 1995 .

[126]  J. Herbst,et al.  States and Power in Africa , 2000 .

[127]  J. Ribot.  Participation Without Representation: Chiefs, Councils, and Forestry Law in the West African Sahel , 1996 .

[128]  M. Owusu.  Dependence and Opportunity: Political Change in Ahafo , 1974, American Political Science Review.

[129]  R. Brenner.  The Brenner Debate: Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe , 1985 .

[130]  M. Kiwanuka.  Colonial Policies and Administrations in Africa: The Myths of Contrast , 1970 .

[131]  J. Woronoff.  West African wager: Houphouët versus Nkrumah , 1972 .

[132]  G. Tullock,et al.  The calculus of consent : logical foundations of constitutional democracy , 1962 .

[133]  Artur Bogner.  The 1994 civil war in northern Ghana: the genesis and escalation of a ‘tribal’ conflict , 2000 .

[134]  J. Lonsdale.  States and Social Processes in Africa: A Historiographical Survey , 1981, African Studies Review.

[135]  L. Vail.  The Creation of tribalism in Southern Africa , 1989 .

[136]  James C. Scott.  The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia Yale University Press , 1977 .

[137]  Sharyn O'Halloran,et al.  Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making under Separate Powers , 1999 .

[138]  C. Lentz,et al.  Ethnicity in Ghana , 2000 .

[139]  V. Ostrom,et al.  The Failure Of The Centralized State: Institutions And Self-governance In Africa , 1990 .

[140]  B. Geddes.  A Game Theoretic Model of Reform in Latin American Democracies , 1991, American Political Science Review.

[141]  Catherine Boone.  The social origins of Ivoirian exceptionalism: rural society and state formation , 1995 .

[142]  Vivienne Shue,et al.  State power and social forces : domination and transformation in the Third World , 1996 .

[143]  Clement Cottingham.  Political Consolidation and Centre-Local Relations in Senegal , 1970 .

[144]  R. Vengroff,et al.  Decentralization and the implementation of rural development in Senegal: The role of rural councils , 1987 .

[145]  J. Hargreaves,et al.  The Enigma of Colonialism: British Policy in West Africa. , 1990 .

[146]  E. Ostrom.  An agenda for the study of institutions , 1986 .

[147]  A. Agrawal,et al.  Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation , 1999 .

[148]  M. Crowder.  West Africa Under Colonial Rule , 1976 .

[149]  J. Richard,et al.  Histoires de riz, histoires d'igname: le cas de la Moyenne Cote d'Ivoire , 1981, Africa.

[150]  R. Hecht.  The Ivory Coast Economic ‘Miracle’: What Benefits for Peasant Farmers? , 1983, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[151]  R. Brenner.  The Brenner Debate: The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism , 1985 .

[152]  Paul Cammack.  The new institutionalism: predatory rule, institutional persistence,and macro-social change , 1992 .

[153]  Régine Nguyen Van Chi-Bonnardel.  Vie de relations au Sénégal : la circulation des biens , 1978 .

[154]  D. Biebuyck.  African Agrarian Systems , 2018 .

[155]  M. Goheen.  Chiefs, subchiefs and local control: negotiations over land, struggles over meaning , 1992, Africa.

[156]  D. O’Brien.  Co-operators and Bureaucrats: Class Formation in a Senegalese Peasant Society , 1971, Africa.

[157]  Attilio Gatti.  South of the Sahara , 1946 .

[158]  J. Widner.  States and Statelessness in Late Twentieth-Century Africa , 1995 .

[159]  P. Geschiere,et al.  Introduction: the urban–rural connection: changing issues of belonging and identification , 1998, Africa.

[160]  A. Zolberg.  One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast , 1964 .

[161]  A. Isaacman.  Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa , 1990, African Studies Review.

[162]  J. Dunn,et al.  Chiefs and politicians : the politics of regionalism in Northern Ghana , 1980 .

[163]  J. Stiglitz,et al.  The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time , 2001 .

[164]  Thomas J. Bassett,et al.  The Development of cotton in Northern Ivory Coast, 1910–1965 , 1988, The Journal of African History.

[165]  D. North.  Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance: Economic performance , 1990 .

[166]  Michael Hechter.  The Dynamics of Secession , 1992 .

[167]  Lucy C. Behrman,et al.  Muslim Brotherhoods and Politics in Senegal , 1970 .

[168]  J. Barker.  Political Space and the Quality of Participation in Rural Africa: A Case From Senegal , 1987 .

[169]  R. Crook.  Politics, the Cocoa Crisis, and Administration in Côte d'Ivoire , 1990, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[170]  P. Tetlock,et al.  Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics Logical, Methodological, and Psychological Perspectives , 1996 .

[171]  G. O'donnell.  On the State, Democratization and Some Conceptual Problems: A Latin American View with Glances at Some Postcommunist Countries , 1993 .

[172]  Michael Hechter,et al.  Regional Modes of Production and Patterns of State Formation in Western Europe , 1980, American Journal of Sociology.

[173]  M. Ottaway.  African Democratisation and the Leninist Option , 1997, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[174]  D. M. Boylan,et al.  Preemptive Strike: Central Bank Reform in Chile's Transition from Authoritarian Rule , 1998 .

[175]  K. Thelen.  Historical Institutionalism in comparative politics , 1997 .

[176]  R. Crook.  PATRIMONIALISM, ADMINISTRATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE , 1989 .

[177]  D. Harvey.  Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography , 2001 .

[178]  J. Adjaye.  The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana@@@Murder and Politics in Colonial Ghana , 1996, African Studies Review.

[179]  S. Solnick.  Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions , 1999 .

[180]  D. Collier,et al.  Strategic Choice Models of Political Change in Latin America , 1992 .

[181]  Richard Snyder,et al.  Politics after Neoliberalism: Reregulation in Mexico , 2002 .

[182]  M. Lesourd,et al.  Nouveaux espaces, nouvelles centralités : échanges et réseaux en milieu rural sénégalais , 2002 .

[183]  Kathryn Firmin-Sellers.  The Concentration of Authority: Constitutional Creation in the Gold Coast, 1950 , 1995 .

[184]  D. Fieldhouse,et al.  The Political Economy of Colonialism in Ghana. A Collection of Documents and Statistics 1900-1960. , 1972 .

[185]  M. Crowder.  Indirect Rule—French and British Style , 1964, Africa.

[186]  C. Coulon,et al.  Autonomie locale et intégration nationale au Sénégal , 1977 .

[187]  L. Mair,et al.  Freedom and Authority in French West Africa , 2018 .

[188]  J. Dunn.  Nkrumah and the chiefs - The politics of chieftaincy in Ghana , 2000 .

[189]  D. Warren.  Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana , 1990, African Studies Review.

[190]  C. Coulon.  Le Marabout et le Prince : Islam et pouvoir au Sénégal , 1983 .

[191]  R. Hecht.  The transformation of lineage production in southern ivory coast, 1920-1980 , 1984 .

[192]  The Myth of the Expanding Centre —Politics in the Ivory Coast , 1973 .

[193]  K. Gavua.  BOOK REVIEW: Berry, Sara, S. CHIEFS KNOW THEIR BOUNDARIES: ESSAYS ON PROPERTY, POWER, AND THE PAST IN ASANTE, 1896-1996. Portsmouth, Oxford, Cape Town: Heinemann, James Currey, David Philip. 2001. , 2004 .

[194]  Kathryn Firmin-Sellers.  The Transformation of Property Rights in the Gold Coast: Bibliography , 1996 .

[195]  François Zucarelli.  De la chefferie traditionnelle au canton : évolution du canton colonial au Sénégal – 1855-1960. , 1973 .

[196]  S. Amin.  Le monde des affaires sénégalais , 1969 .

[197]  John Cartwright,et al.  Warlord Politics and African States , 1998 .

[198]  J. Guyer.  Head Tax, Social Structure and Rural Incomes in Cameroun, 1922-1937. , 1980 .

[199]  D. Leonard.  African Successes: Four Public Managers of Kenyan Rural Development , 1991 .

[200]  Fiona McLaughlin.  Islam and popular music in Senegal: the emergence of a ‘new tradition’ , 1997, Africa.

[201]  Giorgio Blundo.  Logiques de Gestion Publique dans la Décentralisation Sénégalaise : Participation Factionnelle et Ubiquité Réticulaire , 1998 .

[202]  Kathryn Stoner-Weiss.  Russian Politics: The Russian Central State in Crisis: Center and Periphery in the Post-Soviet Era , 2001 .

[203]  J. Widner.  The origins of agricultural policy in Ivory Coast 1960–86 , 1993 .

[204]  Todd Sandler.  Economic Concepts for the Social Sciences: Contents , 2001 .

[205]  L. Beck.  "Patrimonial democrats" in a culturally plural society : democratization and political accommodation in the patronage politics of Senegal , 1996 .

[206]  Stephen B. Peterson,et al.  Administrative Decentralization: Strategies for Developing Countries , 1997 .

[207]  J. Widner.  Single Party States and Agricultural Policies: The Cases of Ivory Coast and Kenya , 1994 .

[208]  Sven Steinmo,et al.  Structuring politics : historical institutionalism in comparative analysis , 1992 .

[209]  M. Lichbach,et al.  What Makes Rational Peasants Revolutionary? Dilemma, Paradox, and Irony in Peasant Collective Action , 1994, World Politics.

[210]  Catherine Boone,et al.  Politics and AIDS in Africa: Research Agendas in Political Science and International Relations , 2001 .

[211]  Dali L. Yang.  Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Famine , 1996 .

[212]  P. Gourevitch.  Paris and the Provinces The Politics of Local Government Reform in France , 1980 .

[213]  Beyond the Miracle of the Market: The Political Economy of Agrarian Development in Kenya , 1989 .

[214]  Catherine Boone.  Trade, taxes, and tribute: Market liberalizations and the new importers in West Africa , 1994 .

[215]  N. Ridler.  The Caisse de Stabilisation in the coffee sector of the Ivory Coast , 1988 .

[216]  G. Austin.  The Emergence of Capitalist Relations in South Asante Cocoa-Farming, C. 1916–33 , 1987, The Journal of African History.

[217]  A. Adams.  The Senegal River Valley: what kind of change? , 1977 .

[218]  L. Beck.  REINING IN THE MARABOUTS? DEMOCRATIZATION AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN SENEGAL , 2001 .

[219]  Samuel L. Popkin.  The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam , 1980 .

[220]  P. Foster,et al.  Ghana and the Ivory Coast; Perspectives on Modernization. , 1971 .

[221]  J. Samoff.  Decentralization: The Politics of Interventionism , 1990 .

[222]  C. Newbury,et al.  Bringing the Peasants Back In: Agrarian Themes in the Construction and Corrosion of Statist Historiography in Rwanda , 2000 .

[223]  Francis G. Snyder.  Legal Innovation and Social Change in a Peasant Community: A Senegalese Village Police , 1978, Africa.

[224]  R. Crook.  DECOLONIZATION, THE COLONIAL STATE, AND CHIEFTAINCY IN THE GOLD COAST , 1986 .

[225]  Margaret Levi,et al.  Of Rule and Revenue , 1991 .

[226]  D. Little,et al.  Understanding Peasant China: Case Studies in the Philosophy of Social Science. , 1991 .

[227]  L. Villalón.  Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal: Disciples and Citizens in Fatick , 1996 .

[228]  G. W. Skinner.  Marketing and Social Structure in Rural China, Part III , 1964, Journal of Asian Studies.

[229]  R. Noronha.  A review of the literature on land tenure systems in sub-Saharan Africa , 1985 .

[230]  R. Southall.  Farmers, Traders and Brokers in the Gold Coast Cocoa Economy , 1978 .

[231]  F. Reyntjens,et al.  Aspects of modern state penetration in Africa , 1986 .

[232]  Rachel Ida Massey.  Impediments to Collective Action in a Small Community , 1994 .

[233]  M. Bratton.  The Comrades and the Countryside: The Politics of Agricultural Policy in Zimbabwe , 1987, World Politics.

[234]  Jeffery M. Paige.  Agrarian Revolution: Social Movements and Export Agriculture in the Underdeveloped World , 1976 .

[235]  R. Crook,et al.  Decentralisation and Poverty-Alleviation in Developing Countries : A Comparative Analysis or, is West Bengal Unique? , 2001 .

[236]  W. Munro.  Building the Post-Colonial State: Villagization and Resource Management in Zimbabwe , 1995 .

[237]  M. Oppenheimer,et al.  Ghana: End of an Illusion , 1966 .

[238]  Babacar Kanté.  Senegal's Empty Elections , 2008 .

[239]  George Tsebelis.  Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics , 1990 .

[240]  R. Tice.  Administrative Stucture, Ethnicity, and Nation-Building in the lvory Coast , 1974, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[241]  M. Owusu.  Democracy and Africa – a View from the Village , 1992, The Journal of Modern African Studies.

[242]  P. Neal,et al.  Cooperatives and Development: Agricultural Politics In Ghana And Uganda , 1982 .

[243]  J. Rapley.  Ivoirien Capitalism: African Entrepreneurs in Cote D'Ivoire , 1993 .