Participatory task modelling: users and developers modelling users' tasks and domains

Participatory Task Modelling (PTM) is an approach to systems development that combines the strengths of the task analysis and participatory design traditions. This paper briefly reviews the strengths and weaknesses of standard participatory design and task analysis methods and presents PTM as a practical approach that integrates the best of both. We describe techniques for the participatory development of models of the users' current tasks and domain and models of their envisioned tasks in an enhanced domain. The paper concludes with a discussion of a range of tools and representations used in PTM.

[1]  Peter Johnson,et al.  Integrating task analysis into system design: Surveying designers' needs. , 1989, Ergonomics.

[2]  Michael J. Muller.  Layered participatory analysis: new developments in the CARD technique , 2001, CHI.

[3]  Christian Heath,et al.  Collaborative Activity and Technological Design: Task Coordination in London Underground Control Rooms , 1991, ECSCW.

[4]  Peter Johnson,et al.  Human computer interaction: Psychology, task analysis, and software engineering , 1992 .

[5]  Hilary Johnson,et al.  Representations and user-developer interaction in cooperative analysis and design , 1999 .

[6]  H. Johnson,et al.  Task knowledge structures: Psychological basis and integration into system design ☆ , 1991 .

[7]  Daniel Lafrenière.  CUTA: a simple, practical, low-cost approach to task analysis , 1996, INTR.

[8]  Michael J. Muller,et al.  Taxonomy of PD Practices: A Brief Practitioner's Guide , 1993, Commun. ACM.

[9]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Participatory analysis: shared development of requirements from scenarios , 1997, CHI.

[10]  Clayton Lewis,et al.  Designing for usability—key principles and what designers think , 1983, CHI '83.

[11]  Eamonn Joseph O'Neill.  User-developer cooperation in software systems development : building common ground and usable systems , 1998 .

[12]  Michael J. Muller,et al.  Bifocal tools for scenarios and representations in participatory activities with users , 1995 .

[13]  Morten Kyng,et al.  Cardboard Computers: Mocking-it-up or Hands-on the Future , 1992 .

[14]  Kim Halskov,et al.  Participatory analysis of flexibility , 1995, CACM.

[15]  Karen Holtzblatt,et al.  Contextual design , 1997, INTR.

[16]  Preben Holst Mogensen,et al.  Using Artifacts as Triggers for Participatory Analysis , 1992 .

[17]  Phyllis Reisner,et al.  Formal Grammar and Human Factors Design of an Interactive Graphics System , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[18]  Eamonn O'Neill,et al.  User-Developer Cooperation in Software Development: Building Common Ground and Usable Systems , 2001 .

[19]  Vassilis Kostakos,et al.  Easing the wait in the emergency room: building a theory of public information systems , 2004, DIS '04.