Growing up bad: Black youth, `road' culture and badness in an East London neighbourhood

This paper addresses the role and importance of badness within the youth subculture (`Road' Life) of young black Caribbean males growing up in an East London neighbourhood. The research that I have undertaken attempts to explore how the notion of badness particularly influences the young informant's attitudes, values, behaviour and dress wear. Adapting and integrating the concepts of `drift' (Matza, 1964), `code of the street' (Anderson, 1999), and the `seductions of crime' (Katz, 1988), I examine the way in which the majority of young black males involved with Road Life, look to appropriate and flirt with certain aspects of badness for reasons to do with survival, `money-making', and aesthetics (style and fashion). I will then go on to briefly focus on the small minority of young males whose lifestyles centre around the practicing of badness; where I am mainly concerned with detailing their values, attitudes and the types of activities that these `rude boys' might be involved in. This paper is based upon a much larger ethnographic study undertaken in an East London neighbourhood. Empirical data was gleaned via participant observation supplemented by semi-structured interviews.

[1]  David Matza,et al.  Delinquency and Drift , 1966 .

[2]  G. Valentine,et al.  THE STREET: ‘IT’S A BIT DODGY AROUND THERE’ , 2005 .

[3]  Sandra Walklate,et al.  Whom Can You Trust? The Politics of ‘Grassing’ on an Inner City Housing Estate , 1996 .

[4]  Charles Murray,et al.  The Emerging British Underclass , 1990 .

[5]  Raewyn Connell,et al.  Gender and Power , 2016 .

[6]  Graciela Hierro,et al.  Gender and Power , 1994, Hypatia.

[7]  David Matza Delinquency and Drift , 1966 .

[8]  Tony Sewell Black Masculinities and Schooling: How Black Boys Survive Modern Schooling , 1997 .

[9]  Coretta Phillips,et al.  Racism, Crime And Justice , 2001 .

[10]  Pam J. Mayhew,et al.  Mobile Phone Theft-Home Office Research Study 235 , 2001 .

[11]  P. Gilroy The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double-Consciousness , 1993 .

[12]  T. Key,et al.  The Prevention of Street Robbery , 1993 .

[13]  A. Nielsen The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness , 1994 .

[14]  D. Carter Losing ground. , 1993, The IDRC reports.

[15]  P. Gordon White Law: Racism in the Police, Courts, and Prisons , 1983 .

[16]  Paul Corrigan,et al.  Schooling the Smash Street Kids , 1979 .

[17]  Jock S. Young Merton with Energy, Katz with Structure: , 2003 .

[18]  A. Cohen,et al.  Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. , 1955 .

[19]  K. Stenson,et al.  In proportion: race and police stop and search , 2004 .

[20]  P. Gilroy The Myth of Black Criminality , 1982 .

[21]  W. V. Deburg Hoodlums: Black Villains and Social Bandits in American Life , 2004 .

[22]  D. Reay,et al.  ‘I Don't Really like It Here but I Don't Want to Be Anywhere Else’: Children and Inner City Council Estates , 2000 .

[23]  P. Gilroy Police and thieves , 2004 .

[24]  P. Gilroy,et al.  'There ain't no black in the Union Jack' : the cultural politics of race and nation , 1987 .

[25]  B. Spalek,et al.  Hearing Lost Voices: Issues in Researching 'Hidden' Minority Ethnic Communities , 2006 .

[26]  Jonathan Smith,et al.  The Nature of Personal Robbery , 2003 .

[27]  I. Taylor Law and Order: Arguments for Socialism , 1987 .

[28]  Norman Stolzoff Wake the Town and Tell the People: Dancehall Culture in Jamaica , 2000 .

[29]  C. Knowles Race and social analysis , 2003 .

[30]  J. Muncie Youth and Crime: A Critical Introduction , 1999 .

[31]  Ian Taylor,et al.  Law and Order , 1981 .

[32]  A. Sivanandan A Different Hunger: Writings on Black Resistance , 1982 .

[33]  Elizabeth A. Stanko,et al.  Just boys doing business? : men, masculinities and crime , 1994 .

[34]  J. Lea,et al.  What is to be done about law and order , 1984 .

[35]  Elijah Anderson Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City , 1999 .

[36]  E. Press Delinquent Boys—The Culture of the Gang , 1955 .

[37]  Coretta Phillips,et al.  Racism, ethnicity and criminology: developing minority perspectives , 2003 .

[38]  Pat Mayhew,et al.  Mobile phone theft , 2001 .

[39]  Fiona Brookman,et al.  THE FOREGROUND DYNAMICS OF STREET ROBBERY IN BRITAIN , 2006 .

[40]  Jeff Ferrell,et al.  Cultural criminology unleashed , 2004 .

[41]  P. Scraton Law, order, and the authoritarian state: Readings in critical criminology , 1987 .

[42]  R. Macdonald Fiddly Jobs, Undeclared Working and the Something for Nothing Society , 1994 .

[43]  The underclass , 1990, The Lancet.

[44]  R. Collier Masculinities, crime and criminology : men, heterosexuality and the criminal(ised) other , 1998 .

[45]  J. Katz,et al.  Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil. , 1990 .

[46]  Cecil Gutzmore Capital, 'black youth' and crime , 1983 .