Laccase biosensor based on screen-printed electrode modified with thionine-carbon black nanocomposite, for Bisphenol A detection

a b s t r a c t The relevance of Bisphenol A (BPA) in human health is well-known. For this reason we designed and developed a biosensor based on a bionanocomposite (laccase-thionine-carbon black)-modified screen- printed electrode. Thionine, a commercially available dye, was used as electrochemical mediator coupled with a nanostructured carbon black. By means of cyclic voltammetry, the interaction of thionine adsorbed on modified screen printed electrode with laccase/BPA reaction products has been studied. In addition, the immobilization of laccase by physical adsorption on the surface of thionine-carbon black modified screen printed electrodes was investigated. The response of the biosensor has been optimized in terms of enzyme loading, pH and applied potential reaching a linear concentration range of 0.5-50 M, a sensitiv- ity of 5.0 ± 0.1 nA/M and a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 0.2 M. The developed biosensor has been also challenged in tomato juice samples contained in metallic cans where release of BPA due to the epoxy resin coating can be assumed. A satisfactory recovery value comprised between 92% and 120% was obtained.

[1]  Danila Moscone,et al.  Carbon Black‐Modified Screen‐Printed Electrodes as Electroanalytical Tools , 2012 .

[2]  T. Begley,et al.  Determination of Bisphenol-A in Reusable Polycarbonate Food-Contact Plastics and Migration to Food-Simulating Liquids , 1997 .

[3]  Dolores Pérez-Bendito,et al.  Analytical methods for the determination of bisphenol A in food. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  Kuznetsov,et al.  On applicability of laccase as label in the mediated and mediatorless electroimmunoassay: effect of distance on the direct electron transfer between laccase and electrode. , 2001, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  A. Fujishima,et al.  Anodic Voltammetry of Xanthine, Theophylline, Theobromine and Caffeine at Conductive Diamond Electrodes and Its Analytical Application , 2002 .

[6]  Silvana Andreescu,et al.  Correlation of analyte structures with biosensor responses using the detection of phenolic estrogens as a model. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  Wolfgang Völkel,et al.  Human exposure to bisphenol A by biomonitoring: methods, results and assessment of environmental exposures. , 2008, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[8]  S. Hocevar,et al.  Preparation and characterization of carbon paste micro-electrode based on carbon nanoparticles. , 2007, Talanta.

[9]  M. Goto,et al.  Biodegradation of phenolic environmental pollutants by a surfactant-laccase complex in organic media. , 2005, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[10]  Maria Lepore,et al.  Biosensors for phenolic compounds: The catechol as a substrate model , 2006 .

[11]  Y. Takashima,et al.  Degradation of bisphenol A by purified laccase from Trametes villosa. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  V. Flexer,et al.  Oxygen cathode based on a layer-by-layer self-assembled laccase and osmium redox mediator , 2009 .

[13]  D. Leech,et al.  Reagentless mediated laccase electrode for the detection of enzyme modulators. , 1997, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  I. Rykowska,et al.  Properties, threats, and methods of analysis of bisphenol A and its derivatives , 2006 .

[15]  Feng Xu,et al.  Laccases: A Useful Group of Oxidoreductive Enzymes , 1999 .

[16]  E. Solomon,et al.  Multicopper Oxidases and Oxygenases. , 1996, Chemical reviews.

[17]  L. Mita,et al.  A thionine-modified carbon paste amperometric biosensor for catechol and bisphenol A determination. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  Hermann Fromme,et al.  Determination of free and total bisphenol A in human urine to assess daily uptake as a basis for a valid risk assessment. , 2008, Toxicology letters.

[19]  D Barceló,et al.  Analysis of bisphenol A in natural waters by means of an optical immunosensor. , 2005, Water research.

[20]  Young-Jin Kim,et al.  Impact of reaction conditions on the laccase-catalyzed conversion of bisphenol A. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[21]  Akira Fujishima,et al.  Tyrosinase-modified boron-doped diamond electrodes for the determination of phenol derivatives , 2002 .

[22]  S. Ramaprabhu,et al.  A thionine functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode for the determination of hydrogen peroxide , 2007 .

[23]  Tsz Woon Benedict Lo,et al.  The use of nano-carbon as an alternative to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in modified electrodes for adsorptive stripping voltammetry , 2012 .

[24]  S. Rossi,et al.  Biodegradation of bisphenols with immobilized laccase or tyrosinase on polyacrylonitrile beads , 2011, Biodegradation.

[25]  Lia Stanciu,et al.  Enzyme functionalized nanoparticles for electrochemical biosensors: a comparative study with applications for the detection of bisphenol A. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[26]  K. Fischer,et al.  Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols by the Laccase-Mediator System (LMS) a Comprehensive Kinetic Description , 2001 .

[27]  Danila Moscone,et al.  Hg2+ detection by measuring thiol groups with a highly sensitive screen-printed electrode modified with a nanostructured carbon black film , 2011 .

[28]  Yoshiki Katayama,et al.  Human exposure to bisphenol A. , 2006, Toxicology.

[29]  H. Call,et al.  History, overview and applications of mediated lignolytic systems, especially laccase-mediator-systems (Lignozym-process) , 1997 .

[30]  Scott M Belcher,et al.  Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. , 2008, Toxicology letters.

[31]  S. Rossi,et al.  Enzymatic determination of BPA by means of tyrosinase immobilized on different carbon carriers. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  G. Palleschi,et al.  Electroanalytical Characterization of Carbon Black Nanomaterial Paste Electrode: Development of Highly Sensitive Tyrosinase Biosensor for Catechol Detection , 2010 .

[33]  V. Laurinavicius,et al.  Modified graphitized carbon black as transducing material for reagentless H2O2 and enzyme sensors. , 2005, Talanta.

[34]  A. Ensafi,et al.  Ferrocenedicarboxylic Acid Modified Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Sulfite , 2010, International Journal of Electrochemical Science.

[35]  M. Bele,et al.  Carbon black nanoparticles film electrode prepared by using substrate-induced deposition approach. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[36]  M. L. Mena,et al.  Development of a tyrosinase biosensor based on gold nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes: Application to the measurement of a bioelectrochemical polyphenols index in wines , 2005 .

[37]  Yufeng Zheng,et al.  A glucose/O2 biofuel cell base on nanographene platelet-modified electrodes , 2010 .

[38]  B. Keskinler,et al.  Amperometric Phenol Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Entrapped PVF and PPy Composite Film Coated GC Electrode , 2010, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[39]  A. Kirkman,et al.  Laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propene using ABTS as mediator , 2000 .

[40]  Mao-gen Zhang,et al.  Electrochemical sensing based on redox mediation at carbon nanotubes. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[41]  S. Lumyong,et al.  Biodegradation of Bisphenol A and Decolorization of Synthetic Dyes by Laccase from White-Rot Fungus, Trametes polyzona , 2012, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

[42]  G. Tayhas R. Palmore,et al.  Electro-enzymatic reduction of dioxygen to water in the cathode compartment of a biofuel cell , 1999 .

[43]  G. Guebitz,et al.  Potential applications of laccase-mediated coupling and grafting reactions: a review. , 2011, Enzyme and microbial technology.

[44]  Plamen Atanassov,et al.  Enzymatic fuel cells: integrating flow-through anode and air-breathing cathode into a membrane-less biofuel cell design. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[45]  C. Johannes,et al.  Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) by Laccase of Trametes Versicolor , 1998 .

[46]  A. Yaropolov,et al.  Laccase: properties, catalytic mechanism, and applicability , 1994 .

[47]  G. Palleschi,et al.  High performance electrochemical sensor based on modified screen-printed electrodes with cost-effective dispersion of nanostructured carbon black , 2010 .

[48]  Dermot Diamond,et al.  Development of a biosensor for endocrine disrupting compounds based on tyrosinase entrapped within a poly(thionine) film. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.