Critical issues for the development of distributed real-time computing systems

From among the numerous issues involved with distributed real-time computing systems, those which are viewed as being central to designing such systems are presented. On the basis of definitions of the terms 'distributed' and 'real-time,' the author concentrates on concepts, problems, and corresponding solutions that are directly related to the achievement of distributive and timeliness properties. Distributed real-time computing is gaining increased interest in scientific circles, as well as in the business-oriented community. In order to help potential users get a clearer picture of what is currently known and achievable and what is currently marketed as distributed real-time operating systems, most common misconceptions and shortcomings are also reviewed. >

[1]  Hideyuki Tokuda,et al.  A Time-Driven Scheduling Model for Real-Time Operating Systems , 1985, RTSS.

[2]  Keith Marzullo,et al.  Maintaining the time in a distributed system , 1983, PODC '83.

[3]  Gérard Le Lann,et al.  Algorithms for Distributed Data-Sharing Systems Which Use Tickets , 1978, Berkeley Workshop.

[4]  Gérard Le Lann,et al.  Distributed Systems - Towards a Formal Approach , 1977, IFIP Congress.

[5]  David K. Gifford,et al.  Weighted voting for replicated data , 1979, SOSP '79.

[6]  G. Le Lann.  Distributed Real-Time Processing , 1986 .

[7]  Jim Gray,et al.  Notes on Data Base Operating Systems , 1978, Advanced Course: Operating Systems.

[8]  Leslie Lamport,et al.  The Byzantine Generals Problem , 1982, TOPL.

[9]  Nancy A. Lynch,et al.  A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization , 1984, PODC '84.

[10]  Jo-Mei Chang,et al.  Reliable broadcast protocols , 1984, TOCS.

[11]  Nancy A. Lynch,et al.  Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process , 1985, JACM.

[12]  C. H. Papadimitriou.  SERIALIZABILITY OF CONCURRENT DATA BASE UPDATES , 1979 .

[13]  Robert G. Gallager,et al.  A perspective on multiaccess channels , 1984, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[14]  Özalp Babaoglu,et al.  Streets of Byzantium: Network Architectures for Fast Reliable Broadcasts , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[15]  Christos H. Papadimitriou,et al.  The serializability of concurrent database updates , 1979, JACM.

[16]  Robert H. Thomas,et al.  A Majority consensus approach to concurrency control for multiple copy databases , 1979, ACM Trans. Database Syst..

[17]  Philip A. Bernstein,et al.  Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems , 1986, CSUR.

[18]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Complexity Results for Multiprocessor Scheduling under Resource Constraints , 1975, SIAM J. Comput..

[19]  Irving L. Traiger,et al.  The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system , 1976, CACM.

[20]  Sam Toueg,et al.  Asynchronous consensus and broadcast protocols , 1985, JACM.

[21]  Hermann Kopetz,et al.  Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[22]  David P. Reed,et al.  Implementing atomic actions on decentralized data , 1983, TOCS.

[23]  Pascale Minet,et al.  Performance evaluation of GAM-T-103 real-time transfer protocols , 1989, IEEE INFOCOM '89, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[24]  Leslie Lamport,et al.  Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system , 1978, CACM.

[25]  Fred B. Schneider,et al.  Inexact agreement: accuracy, precision, and graceful degradation , 1985, PODC '85.

[26]  Sam Toueg,et al.  Distributed agreement in the presence of processor and communication faults , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[27]  J.A. Stankovic,et al.  Misconceptions about real-time computing: a serious problem for next-generation systems , 1988, Computer.

[28]  Krithi Ramamritham,et al.  Efficient Scheduling Algorithms for Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems , 1989, IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst..

[29]  James W. Layland,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.