Testing CIELAB-based color-difference formulae using large color differences

Three advanced CIELAB-based color-difference formulae, CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000, together with the basic CIELAB equation, were tested using large color-difference visual data (maximum average size was 12 CIELAB ΔE units) produced in this study. The color-difference comparison experiment was carried out at CIE Gray and Blue centers by a panel of 6 normal color-vision observers using CRT-generated stimuli based on the psychophysical method of constant stimuli. The experimental data, processed via probit analysis, were well fitted to chromaticity ellipses with a high reliance according to the observer accuracy in terms ofPF/3 measure. A detailed comparison was performed to analyze the agreement between predicted color differences from all formulae and their corresponding visual scales in all measurement planes of CIELAB space. The results show that the CIEDE2000 marginally outperformed the others at all color centers while CIE94 was the worst in original formulae or with optimizedkL value, but the CIELAB performed worst when the parametric factors ofkL,kc, andkH were all optimized, with the CMC always lying between these extremes.

[1]  Hirohisa Yaguchi,et al.  Estimation of Color-Difference Formulae at Color Discrimination Threshold Using CRT-Generated Stimuli , 2001 .

[2]  R. Berns,et al.  Visual determination of hue suprathreshold color-difference tolerances using CRT-generated stimuli , 1999 .

[3]  M. Melgosa,et al.  COLOR DISCRIMINATION RESULTS FROM A CRT DEVICE : INFLUENCE OF LUMINANCE , 1999 .

[4]  M. Ronnier Luo,et al.  A colour-difference formula for assessing large colour differences , 1999 .

[5]  M. Ronnier Luo,et al.  Investigation of parametric effects using small colour differences , 1999 .

[6]  Mark E. Gorzynski,et al.  CRT colorimetry. part I: Theory and practice , 1993 .

[7]  Klaus Witt.  Cie guidelines for coordinated future work on industrial colour‐difference evaluation , 1995 .

[8]  K. Witt.  Parametric effects on surface color-difference evaluation at threshold† , 1990 .

[9]  T. Indow,et al.  Construction of discrimination ellipsoids for surface colors by the method of constant stimuli , 1991 .

[10]  D. L. Macadam.  Uniform color scales. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[11]  Roy S. Berns,et al.  Suprathreshold color‐difference ellipsoids for surface colors , 1997 .

[12]  T. Indow,et al.  Discrimination ellipsoids of aperture and simulated surface colors by Matching and paired comparison , 1992 .

[13]  K. Witt.  GEOMETRIC RELATIONS BETWEEN SCALES OF SMALL COLOUR DIFFERENCES , 1999 .

[14]  B. Rigg,et al.  Colour-difference ellipsoids for five CIE colour centres , 1986 .

[15]  Matching large color differences with achromatic and chromatic surrounds , 1985 .

[16]  K. Witt.  Linearity and additivity of small color differences , 1995 .

[17]  Mitchell R. Balonon-Rosen,et al.  Visual determination of suprathreshold color‐difference tolerances using probit analysis , 1991 .

[18]  Roy S. Berns,et al.  Performance testing of color‐difference metrics using a color tolerance dataset , 1989 .

[19]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Chromatic Contrast Discrimination: Data and Prediction for Stimuli Varying in L and M Cone Excitation , 2000 .

[20]  G. Wyszecki,et al.  Field Trial of the 1964 CIE Color-Difference Formula , 1965 .

[21]  D. Strocka,et al.  Influence of experimental parameters on the evaluation of color‐difference ellipsoids , 1983 .

[22]  M. Luo,et al.  The development of the CIE 2000 Colour Difference Formula , 2001 .