Estimation of late rectal normal tissue complication probability parameters in carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to estimate normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) parameters for late rectal complications after carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 163 patients were used to derive NTCP parameters. These patients were treated with relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted dose ranging from 57.6 Gy (RBE) up to 72 Gy (RBE) and included in dose escalation trials. The Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) model was used and the model parameters were fit to the relation between dose and complication observed after C-ion RT. RESULTS The resulting NTCP parameters were the volume effect parameter; n=0.035 (95% CI: 0.024-0.047), the steepness of the NTCP curve; m=0.10 (0.084-0.13), the tolerance dose associated with 50% probability of complication; TD50=63.6 Gy (RBE) (61.8-65.4 Gy (RBE)) for Grade⩾1, n=0.012 (0.0050-0.023), m=0.046 (0.033-0.062), TD50=69.1 Gy (RBE) (67.6-70.9 Gy (RBE)) for Grade⩾2. CONCLUSION A new set of rectal NTCP parameters in C-ion RT was determined. The rather small n values suggest that the rectum was consistent with being strictly serial organ. The new derived parameter values facilitate estimation of rectal NTCP in C-ion RT.

[1]  M. Scholz,et al.  Computation of cell survival in heavy ion beams for therapy , 1997, Radiation and environmental biophysics.

[2]  S. Mori,et al.  Evaluation of the dose variation for prostate heavy charged particle therapy using four-dimensional computed tomography , 2012, Journal of radiation research.

[3]  J. Fowler.  The linear-quadratic formula and progress in fractionated radiotherapy. , 1989, The British journal of radiology.

[4]  H. Tsujii,et al.  Phase I/II trial of definitive carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: evaluation of shortening of treatment period to 3 weeks , 2014, British Journal of Cancer.

[5]  Luca Cozzi,et al.  On the dosimetric behaviour of photon dose calculation algorithms in the presence of simple geometric heterogeneities: comparison with Monte Carlo calculations , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[6]  Jacques Bernier,et al.  Late effects toxicity scoring: the SOMA scale , 1995 .

[7]  A. Bäck,et al.  Influence of different dose calculation algorithms on the estimate of NTCP for lung complications , 2013, Journal of applied clinical medical physics.

[8]  M. Yano,et al.  Factors predictive of tumor recurrence and survival after initial complete response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to definitive chemoradiotherapy. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[9]  Tatsuaki Kanai,et al.  Examination of GyE system for HIMAC carbon therapy. , 2006, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[10]  Michael Scholz,et al.  Accuracy of the local effect model for the prediction of biologic effects of carbon ion beams in vitro and in vivo. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[11]  Shinichi Minohara,et al.  HIPLAN-A HEAVY ION TREATMENT PLANNING SYSTEM AT HIMAC , 1996 .

[12]  C. Karger,et al.  Temporal lobe reactions after carbon ion radiation therapy: comparison of relative biological effectiveness-weighted tolerance doses predicted by local effect models I and IV. , 2014, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[13]  M. Goitein,et al.  Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function. , 1991, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[14]  H. Ishikawa,et al.  Monotherapy with carbon ion radiation for localized prostate cancer. , 2006, Japanese journal of clinical oncology.

[15]  Michael Scholz,et al.  Quantification of the relative biological effectiveness for ion beam radiotherapy: direct experimental comparison of proton and carbon ion beams and a novel approach for treatment planning. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[16]  S Minohara,et al.  Biophysical characteristics of HIMAC clinical irradiation system for heavy-ion radiation therapy. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[17]  Tohru Okada,et al.  Carbon ion radiotherapy in advanced hypofractionated regimens for prostate cancer: from 20 to 16 fractions. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[18]  H. Tsujii.  Preliminary results of Phase I/II carbon-ion therapy , 1997 .

[19]  T. Pajak,et al.  Toxicity criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[20]  Tatsuaki Kanai,et al.  Hypofractionated radiotherapy with carbon ion beams for prostate cancer. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[21]  Zuofeng Li,et al.  Rectal toxicity after proton therapy for prostate cancer: an analysis of outcomes of prospective studies conducted at the university of Florida Proton Therapy Institute. , 2015, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[22]  M. de Groot,et al.  The impact of gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity on health related quality of life among irradiated prostate cancer patients. , 2014, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[23]  M. Durante,et al.  Mapping of RBE-weighted doses between HIMAC- and LEM-Based treatment planning systems for carbon ion therapy. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[24]  E. Yorke,et al.  Use of normal tissue complication probability models in the clinic. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[25]  Riwa Kishimoto,et al.  Overview of clinical experiences on carbon ion radiotherapy at NIRS. , 2004, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[26]  H. Ishikawa,et al.  Health‐related quality of life after carbon‐ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A 3‐year prospective study , 2014, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[27]  H. Ishikawa,et al.  Risk factors of late rectal bleeding after carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer. , 2006, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[28]  J. Lyman.  Complication Probability as Assessed from Dose-Volume Histograms , 1985 .

[29]  Steve Webb,et al.  Parameters for the Lyman Kutcher Burman (LKB) model of Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) for specific rectal complications observed in clinical practise. , 2012, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[30]  Lei Dong,et al.  Fit of a Generalized Lyman Normal-Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) Model to Grade ≥ 2 Late Rectal Toxicity Data From Patients Treated on Protocol RTOG 94-06 , 2007 .

[31]  Michael Scholz,et al.  Cluster Effects within the Local Effect Model , 2007, Radiation research.

[32]  H. Ishikawa,et al.  Carbon‐ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer , 2012, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[33]  J. Deasy,et al.  Radiation dose-volume effects in radiation-induced rectal injury. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[34]  Luca Cozzi,et al.  Comparison of dose calculation algorithms for treatment planning in external photon beam therapy for clinical situations , 2006, Physics in medicine and biology.

[35]  H. Akaza,et al.  Phase I/II clinical trials of carbon ion therapy for prostate cancer , 2004, The Prostate.

[36]  Tatsuaki Kanai,et al.  Carbon ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer: results of a prospective phase II study. , 2006, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[37]  S. Arcangeli,et al.  Mathematical model for evaluating incidence of acute rectal toxicity during conventional or hypofractionated radiotherapy courses for prostate cancer. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.