Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of vertical particulate channel flow in the turbulent regime

We have conducted a direct numerical simulation study of dilute turbulent particulate flow in a vertical plane channel by considering thousands of finite-size rigid particles with resolved phase interfaces. The particle diameter corresponds to approximately 11 wall units and their terminal Reynolds number is set to 136. The fluid flow with a bulk Reynolds number of 2700 is directed upward, which maintains the particles suspended on average. Two density ratios were simulated, differing by a factor of 4.5. The corresponding Stokes numbers of the two flow cases were O(10) in the near-wall region and O(1) in the outer flow. We have observed the formation of large-scale elongated streaklike structures with streamwise dimensions of the order of eight channel half-widths and cross-stream dimensions of the order of one half-width. At the same time, we have found no evidence of significant formation of particle clusters, which suggests that the large structures are due to an intrinsic instability of the flow, whic...

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