Contribution to the determination of locomotive impairments and associated fall risk level in the a geing community.

.......................................................................................................5 Introduction ..................................................................................................6 Section 1 State of the art ...................................................................8 1.1 Gait Cycle Characteristics............................................................8 1.1.1 General Description............................................................8 1.1.2 The stance phase............................................................ ...10 1.1.3 The swing phase............................................................ 13 1.1.4 Spatial-temporal characteristics of the gait cycle... ... ................16 1.2 Elderly Gait..............................................................................18 1.2.1 Ageing process.................................................................18 1.2.1.1 Neurological changes with aging...............................18 1.2.1.2 Musculoskeletal changes with aging.................. ............21 1.2.2 Impact on gait kinematic............................................. ......23 1.2.2.1 Spatial-temporal characteristics.................................23 1.2.2.2 Range of motion.....................................................27 Section 2 Methods ...........................................................................33 2.1 Subjects..................................................................................33 2.2 Measurement...................................................... ...................34 2.2.1 Anthropometric measurement............................................34 2.2.2 Kinematic measurements.................................................34 2.2.2.1 The measurement system: VICON.................. .............34

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