Assessment of basic endoscopic performance using a virtual reality simulator.

[1]  G M Preminger,et al.  Virtual reality: current urologic applications and future developments. , 2001, Journal of endourology.

[2]  J. Kopta,et al.  The development of motor skills in orthopaedic education. , 1971, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[3]  D. Scott,et al.  The impact of intense laparoscopic skills training on the operative performance of urology residents. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[4]  Howard Rheingold,et al.  Virtual Reality , 1991 .

[5]  A. Hoznek,et al.  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[6]  Validity and reliability of a domain‐referenced test of clinical competence for foreign medical graduates , 1991, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[7]  R. Reznick,et al.  Reliability and construct validity of a structured technical skills assessment form. , 1994, American journal of surgery.

[8]  G. F. Daniels,et al.  Ureteroscopic results and complications: experience with 130 cases. , 1988, The Journal of urology.

[9]  S. Hamstra,et al.  The effect of bench model fidelity on endourological skills: a randomized controlled study. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[10]  R. Clayman,et al.  Laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy: a 9-year experience. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[11]  K. Levit,et al.  National health expenditures, 1988 , 1990, Health care financing review.

[12]  H. Colt,et al.  Virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation: a revolution in procedural training. , 2001, Chest.

[13]  R. Clayman,et al.  Flexible ureteroscopes: a single center evaluation of the durability and function of the new endoscopes smaller than 9Fr. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[14]  J. Montie,et al.  Prospective comparison between hand-assisted laparoscopic and open surgical nephroureterectomy for urothelial cell carcinoma. , 2001, Urology.

[15]  T. Ravintharan,et al.  Ureterorenoscopy: factors influencing success. , 1991, Singapore medical journal.

[16]  J. Wolf,et al.  Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: comparable donor/recipient outcomes, costs, and decreased convalescence as compared to open donor nephrectomy. , 2001, Transplantation proceedings.

[17]  S. B. Jones,et al.  Virtual reality surgical simulation and otolaryngology. , 1996, Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.

[18]  J. Wolf,et al.  Randomized controlled trial of hand-assisted laparoscopic versus open surgical live donor nephrectomy. , 2001, Transplantation.

[19]  J. Kopta,et al.  An approach to the evaluation of operative skills. , 1971, Surgery.

[20]  S. Hamstra,et al.  A novel approach to endourological training: training at the Surgical Skills Center. , 2001, The Journal of urology.