Spatial Domain Blind Watermarking for Digital Images

In modern technological world, digital manipulation of images and video data has become very common. It is required to bring out some mechanism to protect copyright and authentication of digital data. In this work, a new blind digital watermarking algorithm is proposed for protecting copyright of digital images. In this work, embedding process is carried out in spatial domain by modifying luminance components of cover images. The cover image is divided into many blocks of size 8 × 8, and its correlation values are used as key in selecting blocks for inserting watermark. The image to be watermarked is called host image, and it could be in color or grayscale format. The secret data to be inserted is called watermark, and it is considered to be in monochrome format of size 32 × 32 bytes. This paper shows a novel approach in inserting a watermark in spatial domain. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed approach, and it could be classified as fragile watermarking.

[1]  Irene G. Karybali,et al.  Efficient spatial image watermarking via new perceptual masking and blind detection schemes , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[2]  Frank Y. Shih,et al.  Combinational image watermarking in the spatial and frequency domains , 2003, Pattern Recognit..

[3]  Andreas Uhl,et al.  Survey of wavelet-domain watermarking algorithms , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[4]  Phen-Lan Lin.  Robust transparent image watermarking system with spatial mechanisms , 2000, J. Syst. Softw..

[5]  Gerald M. Murch.  Physiological principles for the effective use of color , 1984, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[6]  M. Mukaka,et al.  Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. , 2012, Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi.

[7]  A. K. Singh,et al.  A novel technique for digital image watermarking in spatial domain , 2012, 2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing.

[8]  Mauro Barni,et al.  A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking , 1998, Signal Process..

[9]  Edward J. Delp,et al.  Detection of image alterations using semifragile watermarks , 2000, Electronic Imaging.

[10]  Massoud Babaie-Zadeh,et al.  Watermarking Based on Independent Component Analysis in Spatial Domain , 2011, 2011 UkSim 13th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation.

[11]  Jacob Cohen,et al.  The Equivalence of Weighted Kappa and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as Measures of Reliability , 1973 .

[12]  Liu Jun,et al.  An Improved Watermarking Detect Algorithm for Color Image in Spatial Domain , 2008, 2008 International Seminar on Future BioMedical Information Engineering.

[13]  Rajesh Kannan Megalingam,et al.  Performance Comparison of Novel, Robust Spatial Domain Digital Image Watermarking with the Conventional Frequency Domain Watermarking Techniques , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing.

[14]  J. Rodgers,et al.  Thirteen ways to look at the correlation coefficient , 1988 .

[15]  Ju Liu,et al.  Video watermarking scheme based on spatial relationship of DCT coefficients , 2010, 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.

[16]  Ioannis Pitas,et al.  Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain , 1998, Signal Process..

[17]  Fabien A. P. Petitcolas,et al.  Fair benchmark for image watermarking systems , 1999, Electronic Imaging.