Contemporary progresses on neutral, highly emissive Os(II) and Ru(II) complexes.

This tutorial review highlights recent and current advances in Os(II) and Ru(II) based luminescent complexes in view of their potential in providing models for photophysical properties and in serving as active materials in optoelectronic devices. It starts with a discussion of the fundamentals of pyridyl azolate chromophores and presents several prototypical designs that allow subtle variation of their basic properties. The third section of this article concerns the preparation of Os(II) and Ru(II) metal complexes and discusses the key factors that control their phosphorescence efficiencies and peak wavelengths. Attention is focused on the properties of their lowest lying excited states. In the last section, we present a series of related Os(II) complexes possessing pyridyl azolate, cyclometalated benzo[h]quinoline, beta-diketonates and quinolinates to demonstrate the power of fundamental basis to chemistry and theoretical approaches in rationalizing the corresponding photophysical behavior and hence to discuss the implications regarding their possible routes for future research.

[1]  P. Chou,et al.  Osmium complexes with tridentate 6-pyrazol-3-yl 2,2'-bipyridine ligands: coarse tuning of phosphorescence from the red to the near-infrared region. , 2007, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[2]  P. Chou,et al.  En route to the formation of high-efficiency, osmium(II)-based phosphorescent materials. , 2006, Inorganic chemistry.

[3]  S. Bernhard,et al.  Synthetically tailored excited states: phosphorescent, cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes and their applications. , 2006, Chemistry.

[4]  J. Vos,et al.  Ruthenium polypyridyl chemistry; from basic research to applications and back again. , 2006, Dalton transactions.

[5]  P. Chou,et al.  Neutral Ru(II)-based emitting materials: a prototypical study on factors governing radiationless transition in phosphorescent metal complexes. , 2006, Inorganic chemistry.

[6]  Yun Chi,et al.  Osmium‐ and Ruthenium‐Based Phosphorescent Materials: Design, Photophysics, and Utilization in OLED Fabrication , 2006 .

[7]  Yun Chi,et al.  Orange and Red Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Employing Neutral Ru(II) Emitters: Rational Design and Prospects for Color Tuning , 2006 .

[8]  P. Douglas,et al.  Coordination complexes exhibiting room-temperature phosphorescence: Evaluation of their suitability as triplet emitters in organic light emitting diodes , 2006 .

[9]  C. Shu,et al.  Efficient white-light-emitting diodes based on poly(N-vinylcarbazole) doped with blue fluorescent and orange phosphorescent materials , 2006 .

[10]  C. Shu,et al.  Interplay between intra- and interligand charge transfer with variation of the axial N-heterocyclic ligand in osmium(II) pyridylpyrazolate complexes: extensive color tuning by phosphorescent solvatochromism. , 2005, Chemistry.

[11]  P. Chou,et al.  Switching luminescent properties in osmium-based beta-diketonate complexes. , 2005, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[12]  Shinya Obara,et al.  Syntheses and properties of emissive iridium(III) complexes with tridentate benzimidazole derivatives. , 2005, Inorganic chemistry.

[13]  P. Chou,et al.  Dual room-temperature fluorescent and phosphorescent emission in 8-quinolinolate osmium(II) carbonyl complexes: rationalization and generalization of intersystem crossing dynamics. , 2005, Inorganic chemistry.

[14]  Yun Chi,et al.  Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes based on Charge‐Neutral RuII Phosphorescent Emitters , 2005 .

[15]  Chihaya Adachi,et al.  100% phosphorescence quantum efficiency of Ir(III) complexes in organic semiconductor films , 2005 .

[16]  P. Chou,et al.  Organic light-emitting diodes based on charge-neutral Os(II) emitters: generation of saturated red emission with very high external quantum efficiency , 2005 .

[17]  P. Chou,et al.  A remarkable ligand orientational effect in osmium-atom-induced blue phosphorescence. , 2004, Chemistry.

[18]  Claudia Barolo,et al.  Stepwise Assembly of Amphiphilic Ruthenium Sensitizers and their Applications in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell , 2004 .

[19]  Ye Tao,et al.  Highly Efficient Red Phosphorescent Osmium(II) Complexes for OLED Applications , 2004 .

[20]  E. Baranoff,et al.  From ruthenium(II) to iridium(III): 15 years of triads based on bis-terpyridine complexes. , 2004, Chemical Society reviews.

[21]  Paul L Houston,et al.  Solid-state electroluminescent devices based on transition metal complexes. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[22]  P. Chou,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of luminescent osmium(II) carbonyl complexes based on chelating dibenzoylmethanate and halide ligands. , 2003, Chemical communications.

[23]  P. Chou,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes Possessing the 5-(2-Pyridyl) Pyrazolate Ligands: The Observation of Remarkable Osmium-Induced Blue Phosphorescence in Solution at Room Temperature , 2003 .

[24]  Sergey Lamansky,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of facial and meridional tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[25]  J. W. Hofstraat,et al.  Electroluminescent device with reversible switching between red and green emission , 2003, Nature.

[26]  Gregory D. Phelan,et al.  Divalent osmium complexes: synthesis, characterization, strong red phosphorescence, and electrophosphorescence. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[27]  S. Chu,et al.  Unsupported Metal Chain Complex: Synthesis, Characterization and EHMO Study Involving the Tetraosmium Complex [Os2(CO)5(thd)2]2 , 2000 .

[28]  A. Vogler,et al.  Excited state properties of organometallic compounds of rhenium in high and low oxidation states , 2000 .

[29]  M. Threadgill,et al.  Formation and dehydration of a series of 5-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydropyrazoles , 1999 .

[30]  T. Nakata,et al.  Novel η3-Allylpalladium−Pyridinylpyrazole Complex: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Activity for Cyclopropanation of Ketene Silyl Acetal with Allylic Acetates , 1998 .

[31]  R. Ballardini,et al.  Phosphorescent 8-quinolinol metal chelates. Excited-state properties and redox behavior , 1986 .

[32]  S. McGlynn,et al.  Molecular Spectroscopy of the Triplet State. , 1969 .