Novel miniature SPR immunosensor equipped with all-in-one multi-microchannel sensor chip for detecting low-molecular-weight analytes.

A simple and versatile miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor enabling parallel analysis of multiple analytes or multiple samples of an analyte has been investigated for detection of a low-molecular-weight (lmw) toxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A specially designed multi-microchannel SPR sensor module, integrating an optical-prism coated with an array of thin Au-films, a multi-microchannel plate (eight channels) and a flow-cell together, has been fabricated. The sensing surface was fabricated simply by physical adsorption of a protein conjugate of 2,4-D, and an indirect competitive immunoassay principle has been applied for the quantification of 2,4-D. Multiple 2,4-D samples were analyzed in a single step and a low-detection-limit (LDL) of 0.1 ppb (ng ml(-1)) 2,4-D was established. Competence of the portable SPR immunosensor for selective detection of 2,4-D despite the presence of various structurally resemblant interferents and from river-water samples has been demonstrated. The independent all-in-one sensor module highly favors shelf-storage between multiple determinations, and reusability of a same multi-microchannel flow-module for more than 35 days with intermittent storage (4-8 degrees C) has been confirmed. The LDL of 2,4-D could be enhanced further by introducing a simple avidin-biotin interaction-based sandwich immunoassay, with which the sensor signal multiplied enormously by a factor of ca. 10 and the LDL enhanced to 0.008 ppb. The miniature SPR sensor demonstrated here for simultaneous analysis of multiple samples with reusability and good storage ability is an important consideration for the advancement of biosensor technology.

[1]  N. Miura,et al.  Preparation of anti-2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid monoclonal antibodies , 2003, Cytotechnology.

[2]  Shuji Aso,et al.  Miniature surface-plasmon resonance immunosensors – rapid and repetitive procedure , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[3]  R. Puchades,et al.  Optical immunosensors for environmental monitoring: How far have we come? , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[4]  Jose Melendez,et al.  Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B at femtomolar levels with a miniature integrated two-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. , 2002, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  Jirí Homola,et al.  Quantitative and simultaneous detection of four foodborne bacterial pathogens with a multi-channel SPR sensor. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  J. Homola,et al.  Investigating oligonucleotide hybridization at subnanomolar level by surface plasmon resonance biosensor method. , 2006, Biopolymers.

[7]  Jean-Michel Friedt,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen immunosensing based on mixed self-assembled monolayers, camel antibodies and colloidal gold enhanced sandwich assays. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  Hiroyuki Inoue,et al.  Stimuli-sensitive thin films prepared by a layer-by-layer deposition of 2-iminobiotin-labeled poly(ethyleneimine) and avidin. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[9]  Antje J Baeumner,et al.  Biosensors for environmental pollutants and food contaminants , 2003, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[10]  Laura M. Lechuga,et al.  Real-time detection of chlorpyrifos at part per trillion levels in ground, surface and drinking water samples by a portable surface plasmon resonance immunosensor , 2006 .

[11]  Tatsuro Nakagama,et al.  A palm-sized surface plasmon resonance sensor with microchip flow cell. , 2006, Talanta.

[12]  Damià Barceló,et al.  Biosensors for environmental monitoring of endocrine disruptors: a review article , 2004, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[13]  J. Mitchell,et al.  Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance biosensing of small molecules. , 2005, Analytical biochemistry.

[14]  Tatsuya Tobita,et al.  Preparation of refractive index matching polymer film alternative to oil for use in a portable surface-plasmon resonance phenomenon-based chemical sensor method , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[15]  E. Lai,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassays. , 2000, Methods.

[16]  D. Chan,et al.  Immunosensors--principles and applications to clinical chemistry. , 2001, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[17]  D. Roy,et al.  Occupational exposure to endocrine-disrupting pesticides and the potential for developing hormonal cancers. , 2001, Journal of environmental health.

[18]  I Tothill,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance sensor for domoic acid based on grafted imprinted polymer. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Kazuhiko Ishihara,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance immunosensors for environmental monitoring. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  Norio Miura,et al.  Miniaturized portable surface plasmon resonance immunosensor applicable for on-site detection of low-molecular-weight analytes , 2006 .

[21]  N. Miura,et al.  Recent advancements in surface plasmon resonance immunosensors for detection of small molecules of biomedical, food and environmental interest , 2007 .

[22]  Daniel Poitras,et al.  Solid-state optical coupling for surface plasmon resonance sensors , 2006 .

[23]  Kazuki Inamori,et al.  SPR imaging of photo-cross-linked small-molecule arrays on gold. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[24]  Norio Miura,et al.  Novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor based on monomolecular layer of physically-adsorbed ovalbumin conjugate for detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and atomic force microscopy study , 2007 .

[25]  Norio Miura,et al.  Highly sensitive and interference-free simultaneous detection of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at parts-per-trillion levels using a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor , 2004 .

[26]  Norio Miura,et al.  Compact surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor using multichannel for simultaneous detection of small molecule compounds , 2005 .

[27]  Haowen Huang,et al.  Label-free reading of microarray-based proteins with high throughput surface plasmon resonance imaging. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[28]  R. Karlsson,et al.  Real-time competitive kinetic analysis of interactions between low-molecular-weight ligands in solution and surface-immobilized receptors. , 1994, Analytical biochemistry.

[29]  Norio Miura,et al.  Highly sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance sensor for detection of sub-ppb levels of benzo[a]pyrene by indirect competitive immunoreaction method. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[30]  Ryoji Kurita,et al.  On-chip enzyme immunoassay of a cardiac marker using a microfluidic device combined with a portable surface plasmon resonance system. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[31]  Marek Piliarik,et al.  A new surface plasmon resonance sensor for high-throughput screening applications. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[32]  Norio Miura,et al.  Piezoelectric crystal immunosensor for sensitive detection of methamphetamine (stimulant drug) in human urine , 1993 .

[33]  L. Kubota,et al.  An SPR immunosensor for human cardiac troponin T using specific binding avidin to biotin at carboxymethyldextran-modified gold chip. , 2007, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.